RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE 
IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION 



AND 



\X/H1TE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES 

of the 

NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS\ASS0CIATI0N 
WESTERN PINE M.\NUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

and the 

WHITE PINE .ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS 

Coni piled for Architects' Use in Specifying 'White Pine Lumber 

1917 









■ ^'^-S 




Class ___1.^J4l1 
Book JA/ 



? 



wo 



COPyRIGHT DEPOSm 



'*?' 



^h 










Copyright, 191 7, 

George F. Lindsay, Chairman 

White Pine Bureau 

saint paul, minnesota 



m 12 1917 



Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine 

IN House Construction 

AND 

WHITE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES 

OF THE 

NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

AND THE . 

WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS 

including 

Illustrations, Descriptions of Grades, General Grade 
Distinctions, Stock Sizes, Recommended Uses, and 
Approximate Differences in Cost Between Grades 



COMPILED FOR ARCHITECTS' USE IN SPECIFYING WHITE PINE LUMBER 



PiiblisJied tinder the direction of the 

WHITE PINE BUREAU 

1426 MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK BUILDING 
SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA 

Representing 
THE NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN 
AND MICHIGAN, AND THE ASSOCIATED WHITE PINE MANUFACTURERS OF IDAHO 



TABLE OF CONTENTS ^^' 



PAGE 

General and Alphabetical Index 5 

General Explanatory Preface 9 

White Pine Lumber Terms and Their Meaning 13 

Recognized Defects in White Pine Lumber '. 15 

"Knot" Grades vs. "Sap" Grades 17 

Briefly Defining the Relative Qualities for Outside and Inside Use of These Two Distinctly 
Different Types of White Pine Lumber. 

Comparative Qualities of White Pine from the New England States, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, 

Wisconsin, Michigan and Idaho 19 

Instructions for Use of This Book 21 

SECTION I : 23 

Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in House Construction under the White Pine 

Grading Rules of the Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association 25 

White Pine Standard Grading Rules of the Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association 

which cover the Product of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan 29 

SECTION II 83 

Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in House Construction under the White Pine 

Grading Rules of the Western Pine Manufacturers' Association !^. 85 

White Pine Standard Grading Rules of the Western Pine Manufacturers' Association 

which cover the Product of Idaho 89 

SECTION III :.... 139 

Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in House Construction under the White Pine 

Grading Rules of the White Pine Association of The Tonawandas 141 

White Pine Standard Grading Rules of The Tonawandas of Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, New York, 
which cover not as a Manufacturing but as a Wholesale Distributing Point the Combined Product of 
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Idaho, and also the White Pine Product of Canada 146 



m »2^* 



*^G!JL460764 



GENERAL AND ALPHABETICAL INDEX 



SECTION I 

(Pages 23-81) 
Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association 

WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 

FINISHING ■ PAGE 

"B" Select and Better . . 32,33,34,35 

"C" Select . 36,37 

"D" Select 38, 39 

"D" Stock and Box 40,41 

WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

"B" and Better Siding 42 

"C" Siding 43 

"D" Siding 44 

"E" Siding 45 



WHITE PINE FLOORING 
"B" and Better Flooring 

"C" Flooring 

"D" Flooring 

Farmers' Clear Flooring 
No. 1 Fencing — Dressed & Matched 
No. 2 Fencing— Dressed & Matched 
No. 3 Fencing— Dressed & Matched 

WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 

WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

No. 1 Shiplap . . . 
No. 2 Shiplap . . . 
•No. 3 Shiplap . . . 
No. 4 Shiplap . . . 
No. 1 Grooved Roofing 
No. 2 Grooved Roofing 
No. 1 Dressed & Matched 
No. 2 Dressed & Matched 
No. 3 Dressed & Matched 
No. 4 Dressed & Matched 



46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 



54 
55 
56 
57 
54 
55 
54 
55 
56 
57 



SECTION II 

(Pages 83-137) 
Western Pine Manufacturers' Association 

WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 

FINISHING PAGE 

"B" Select and Better . . 92, 93, 94, 95 

"C" Select 96,97 

"D" Select 98,99 

"D" Stock and Box ..... 100,101 

WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

"B" and Better Siding .... 102 

"C" Siding 103 

"D" Siding ........ 104 

"E" Siding 105 



WHITE PINE FLOORING 
"B" and Better Flooring 

"C" Flooring 

"D" Flooring 

No. 1 Fencing Dressed & Matched 
No. 2 Fencing Dressed & Matched 
No. 3 Fencing Dressed & Matched 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 

WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

No. 1 Shiplap . .. . 
No. 2 Shiplap . . . 
No. 3 Shiplap . . . 
No. 4 Shiplap . . . 
No. 1 Grooved Roofing 
No. 2 Grooved Roofing 
No. 1 Dressed & Matched 



106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 



112 
113 
114 
115 
112 
113 
112 



SECTION III 

(Pages 139-197) 
The White Pine Association of the Tonawandas 

WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH " 
FINISHING PAGE 

Uppers . . . . . . . . 150, 151 

Selects 152, 153 

Fine Common 154, 155 

"A" or No. 1 Base and Casing . . 157 
"B" or No. 2 Base and Casing . . 158 
"C" or No. 3 Base and Casing . . 159 

No. 1 Mouldings 160 

No. 2 Mouldings ....'.. 161 

Stained Saps 162, 163 

Star Clear 164, 165 

No. 1 Shelving ■ . . 166 

No. 2 Shelving 167 

No. 1 Shelving & Dressing . . 168, 169 
No. 2 Dressing 170, 171 



WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 
Clear Siding . 
No. 1 Siding 
Bright Sap Siding 
No. 2 Siding 
No. 3 Siding 
No. 4 Siding 
Stained Sap Siding 
Star Clear Siding 

WHITE PINE FLOORING 
WHITE PINE CEILING 
WHITE PINE PARTITION 
WHITE PINE PHILA. FENCING 
WHITE PINE DROP SIDING . 
WHITE PINE COVE SIDING . 



172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 

180 
180 
180 
180 
180 
180 



GENERAL AND ALPHABETICAL INDEX 



SECTION I (Continued) 

WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
No. 1 Common Boards 
No. 2 Common Boards 
No. 3 Common Boards 
No. 4 Common Boards 
No. 5 Common Boards 



PAGE 

58,59 
60,61 
62,63 
64,65 
66 



PAGE 



WHITE PINE FENCING 

No. 1 Fencing 68 

No. 2 Fencing 69 

No. 3 Fencing 70 

No. 4 Fencing 71 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 
No. 1 Dimension and Timbers . 
No. 2 Dimension and Timbers . 

No. 3 Dimension 

Tank Stock 

Select Common 



72 
72 
73 
73 
74 



WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER 

No. 1 Thick Common Lumber . . . 75 

No. 2 Thick Common Lumber . . 75 
No. 3 Thick Common Lumber . .76 

No. 4 Thick Common Lumber . . 76 

No. 5 Thick Common Lumber . . 77 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 

Factory "A" Select and Better ... 78 

Factory "B" Select 79 

Factory "C" Select 79 

No. 1 Shop Common ..... 79 

No. 2 Shop Common 79 

No. 3 Shop Common 80 

Inch Shop Common 80 

Short Box 80 

LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath 81 

No. 1 Mixed Lath (Not All White Pine) 81 

No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine) . 81 



. 


113 


, 


114 


• 


115 


116, 


117 


118, 


119 


120, 


121 


, 


122 


. 


123 



SECTION II (Continued) 

WHITE PINE DRESSED & 

MATCHED (Continued) 

No. 2 Dressed & Matched . . 
No. 3 Dressed & Matched 
No. 4 Dressed & Matched 

WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
No. 1 Common Boards 
No. 2 Common Boards 
No. 3 Common Boards 
No. 4 Common Boards 
No. 5 Common Boards 



WHITE PINE FENCING 

No. 1 Fencing 124 

No. 2 Fencing 125 

No. 3 Fencing 126 

No. 4 Fencing 127 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 

No. 1 Dimension and Timbers . . . 129 

WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER 

No. 1 Thick Common Lumber . . 130 

No. 2 Thick Common Lumber . . 131 

No. 3 Thick Common Lumber . . 132 

No. 4 Thick Common Lumber . . 133 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 

Factory "C" Select and Better . . . 134 

No. 1 Shop Common 135 

No. 2 Shop Common 135 

No. 3 Shop Common 136 

Inch Shop Common 136 

Short Box 136 

WHITE PINE LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath . . . . 137 

No. 2 White Pine Lath .... 137 



SECTION III (Continued) 

PAGE 

WHITE PINE NOVELTY SIDING . . 180 

WHITE PINE GERMAN SIDING . . 180 

WHITE PINE RUSTIC SIDING . . 180 

WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 180 

WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 180 

WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 

COMMON LUMBER 

No. 1 Barn ....... 182, 183 

No. 2 Barn 184, 185 

No. 3 Barn 186, 187 

No. 1 Box . 188, 189 

No. 2 Box 190 

WHITE PINE TIMBERS - 

No. 1 Timbers 191 

No. 2 Timbers 191 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND 
FRAMING LUMBER 

Refer to 192 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 

No. 1 Cuts 193 

No. 2 Cuts 194 

No. 3 Cuts 194 

LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath .... 195 

No. 1 Mixed Lath (NotAU White Pine) 195 

No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine) . . 195 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION SHINGLES 

No. 1 Dimension Shingles . . . 196 

No. 2 Dimension Shingles . . . 196 

WHITE PINE PICKETS 

No. 1 Pickets 197 

No. 2 Pickets 197 

No. 3 Pickets 197 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF WHITE PINE GRADES 



BARN 






PAGE 


No. 1 


.... 


Tonawanda . 


182, 183 


No. 2 . 


.... 


Tonawanda . 


184, 185 


No. 3 . 


.... 


Tonawanda . 


186, 187 


BASE AND CASING 






"A" or No. 


1 . . 


Tonawanda . 


. . 157 


"B" or No. 


2 . . 


Tonawanda . 


. . 158 


"C'orNo. 


3 . . 


Tonawanda . 


. . 159 



BEVELED SIDING (Indexed under Siding) 

BOX 

No. 1 Tonawanda . 188, 189 

No. 2 Tonawanda. . . 190 



BRIGHT SAP 
CEILING 



Tonawanda ... 174 
Tonawanda ... 180 



COMMON BOARDS 

js^Q 1 ( Northern 

\ Western . 

No. 2 ^ Northern 

^ Western . 

No. 3 ^ Northern 

I Western . 

No. 4 1 Northern 

' " ( Western . 

No. 5 f Northern . 

' ' ' ( Western . 

COVE SIDING 

Tonawanda . . 
CUTS 

No. 1 Tonawanda . . 

No. 2 Tonawanda . . 

No. 3 Tonawanda . . 

"D" STOCK AND BOX (Indexed under 
Stock and Box) 



. 58 


,59 


116, 


117 


. 60 


,61 


118, 


119 


. 62 


,63 


120, 


121 


. 64 


,65 


. 


122 


. . 


66 


. . 


123 



180 

193 
194 
194 



DIMENSION 

No. 3 Northern 

DIMENSION AND FRAMING 

Tonawanda 
DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 

No 1 . . 5 Northern 

' ' ) Western . 

No. 2 Northern 

No. 3 Dimension . . Northern 

Tank Stock .... Northern 

Select Common . . Northern 
DRESSED AND MATCHED 

No 1 j Northern 

( Western . 

No 2 *> Northern 

^ Western . 

No. 3 ^ Northern . 

/ Western . 

No. 4 ^ Northern . 

\ Western . 

DRESSING 

No. 2 Tonawanda 

DROP SIDING 

Tonawanda 
FACTORY LUMBER 
Factory "A" Select 

and Better .... Northern . 
Factory "B" Select . Northern . 
Factory "C" Select . Northern . 
Factory "C" Select 

and Better .... Western . 

No. 1 Shop Common 5 Northern . 
( Western . 

No. 2 Shop Common ) Northern . 
( Western . 

No. 3 Shop Common \ Northern . 
( Western . 



PAGE 


^AL>1UKY LUmBbK 


((^ontmuea) 






PAGE 


. . . 73 


Inch Shop Common 


{ Northern . . 
( Western . . 






80 
136 


. . . 192 


Short Box . . . 


i Northern . . 
I Western . . 






80 
136 


. . . 72 
12Q 


No. 1 Cuts . . . 


. Tonawanda . 






193 


No. 2 Cuts . . . 


. Tonawanda . 






194 


. . . 72 


No. 3 Cuts ... 


. Tonawanda . 






194 


. . . 73 
. . . 73 

. . . 74 


FARMERS' CLEAR 


Northern .... 49 


. . . 54 
. . . 112 


FENCING 

No. 1 


\ Northern . 
( Western . 






68 
124 


. . . 55 
. . . 113 


No. 2 


( Northern . 
( Western . 






69 
125 


. . . 56 
. . . 114 

. . . 57 
. . . 115 


No. 3 .... .. 

No. 4 


( Northern . 
\ Western . 
\ Northern . 
I Western . 






70 
126 

71 
127 


. 170, 171 


FINE COMMON 
FLOORING 


Tonawanda . 154, 155 


. . . 180 




Tonawanda . . 180 




"B" and Better . . 


1 Northern . 
\ Western . 






46 
. 106 


. . . 78 
. . . 79 


"C" 


( Northern . 
\ Western . 






. 47 
. 107 


. . . 79 


"D" 


^ Northern . 
\ Western . 






. 48 
. 108 


. . . 134 


Farmers' Clear . . 


. Northern . 






. 49 


. . . 79 
. . . 135 


No. 1 Fencing-D&M i Northern . 
^ Western . 






. 50 
. 109 


. . . 79 
. . . 135 


No.2 Fencing-D&M 5 Northern . 
( Western . 






. 51 
. 110 


... 80 
. . . 136 


No.3 Fencing-D&M 5 Northern . 
( Western . 






. 52 
. Ill 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF WHITE PINE GRADES 



GERMAN SIDING 

Tonawanda 

GROOVED ROOFING 

No. 1 i Northern . 

I Western . 

No. 2 ^ Northern . 

^ Western . 

LATH 

( Northern . 

No- 1 ^ Western . 

( Tonawanda 

No. 1 Mixed . . . j Northern . 
I Tonawanda 
( Northern . 

No- 2 ^ Western . 

( Tonawanda 

MOULDINGS 

No. 1 Tonawanda . 

No. 2 Tonawanda . 

NOVELTY SIDING 

Tonawanda . 
PARTITION 

Tonawanda . 

PHILADELPHIA FENCING 

Tonawanda . 
PICKETS 

No. 1 Tonawanda . 

No. 2 Tonawanda . 

No. 3 Tonawanda . 

RUSTIC SIDING 

Tonawanda . 
SELECT 

"B" and Better . . i Northern 32, 
( Western 92, 

"Q" ( Northern . . 

\ Western . . 

"D" I Northern . . 

) Western . . 
SELECT COMMON 

Northern . . 
SELECTS 

Tonawanda . 



PAGE 

. 180 

, 54 

112 

55 

113 

81 
137 
195 

81 
195 

81 
137 
195 

. 160 
. 161 

. 180 
. 180 

. 180 

. 197 
. 197 
. 197 

. 180 



33, 34, 35 
93, 94, 95 
. 36,37 
. 96,97 
. 38,39 
. 98,99 

. . 74 

152, 153 



SHELVING 

No. 1 Tonawanda 

No. 2 Tonawanda 

SHELVING AND DRESSING 

No. 1 Tonawanda 

( Northern 
SHINGLES ; Western 

( Tonawanda 
No. 1 Dimension 

Shingles .... Tonawanda 
No. 2 Dimension 

Shingles .... Tonawanda 

SHIPLAP 

No. 1 5 Northern . 

I Western . 

No. 2 ..... i Northern . 
( Western . 

No. 3 ^Northern . 

( Western . 

No. 4 ! Northern . 

( Western . 

SHOP COMMON 

No. 1 i Northern . 

) Western . 

No. 2 (Northern. 

( Western . 

No. 3 ^Northern. 

I Western . 

Inch \ Northern . 

( Western . 

SHORT BOX 

\ Northern . 
( Western . 

SIDING (Beveled) 

"B" and Better . . ( Northern . 
( Western . 

<<Q" _ { Northern . 

^ Western . 
UQ.> _ ( Northern . 

( Western . 
«£» ( Northern . 

Western . 



PAGE 

. . 166 

. . 167 

168, 169 

. . 196 
. . 196 
. . 196 



54 
112 

55 
113 

56 
114 

57 
115 

79 
135 

79 
135 

80 
136 

80 
136 

80 
136 

42 
102 

43 
103 

44 
104 

45 
105 



SIDING (Beveled)— Continued 

Clear Tonawanda 

No. 1 Tonawanda 



Bright Sap 
No. 2 . . 
No. 3 
No. 4 

Stained Sap 
Star Clear 



Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 



TANK STOCK 



Northern 



THICK COMMON 

No. 1 ^ Northern 

I Western 

No. 2 ^ Northern 

I Western 

No. 3 ^ Northern 

I Western 

No. 4 ..... I Northern 

\ Western 

No. 5 Northern 



TIMBERS 
No. 1 
No. 2 



PAGE 

172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 



STOCK AND BOX 

"D" (Northern. . . 40,41 

I Western . . 100, 101 

STAINED SAPS-FINISHING 

Tonawanda . 162, 163 

STAR CLEAR-FINISHING 

Tonawanda . 164, 165 



Tonawanda . 
Tonawanda . 



73 

75 
130 

75 
131 

76 
132 

76 
133 

77 



191 
191 



UPPERS-FINISHING 

Tonawanda . 150, 151 

WIDE DRESSED AND MATCHED 

(Indexed under Dressed & Matched) 



General explanatory preface 



THIS book of "Classified Recommended Uses for White 
Pine in House Construction" and "White Pine Standard 
Grading Rules" has been "Compiled for Architects' Use in 
Specifying White Pine Lumber " its purpose being to furnish 
Architects with such authoritative information as will enable 
them to easily and correctly determine and as a result to prop- 
erly specify the various grades of White Pine Lumber desired 
for use in house construction. 

In explanation of its manner of compilation it must first be 
stated that while various localities have their own local lumber 
grades, — which obviously on account of their number would 
be impracticable to endeavor to publish, — there are three fun- 
damental or basic sets of White Pine Standard Grading Rules, 
one or more of which are familiar to all White Pine Wholesale 
and Retail Lumber Dealers in all sections of the United States, 
and which three sets of White Pine Grading Rules form the 
basis of this book. 

While White Pine is frequently regraded in the different 
markets to conform to various local grading rules before 
being sold to the ultimate consumer, it is always purchased by 
Retail Lumber Dealers from the Manufacturers under one of 
three sets of White Pine Grading Rules. By their use, there- 
fore, all Local Lumber Dealers, though perhaps using local 
grades, will be familiar, through their purchasing of White 
Pine Lumber, with one or more of these three sets of Grading 
Rules, and can intelligently furnish White Pine Lumber to the 



Architect whose specifications are written under them. In 
their application it will only be necessary to first learn through 
a Local Lumber Dealer which one of the three sets of Grading 
Rules applies to any particular territory and then to write the 
specifications in accordance with the Grading Rules applying 
thereto. 

A tabulation of "Classified Recommended Uses for White 
Pine in House Construction" precedes and introduces each 
one of these three sets of "White Pine Standard Grading 
Rules," which "Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine 
in House Construction," combined in each case with its accom- 
panying set of "White Pine Standard Grading Rules," are to- 
gether included under Sections I, II and III, as follows : 

Section I 

"Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in 
House Construction" under the White Pine Standard 
Grading Rules of the Northern Pine Manufacturers' 
Association 

and 

"White Pine Standard Grading Rules of the Northern 
Pine Manufacturers' Association," which cover the 
product of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. 

Section II 

"Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in 
House Construction" under the White Pine Standard 



10 



GENERAL EXPLANATORY PREFACE 



Grading Rules of the Western Pine Manufacturers' 
. Association 

and 

"White Pine Standard Grading- Rules of the Western 
Pine Manufacturers' Association," which cover the 
product of Idaho. 

Section III 

''Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in 
House Construction" under the White Pine Standard 
Grading Rules of The White Pine Association of The 
Tonawandas 

and 

"White Pine Standard Grading Rules of The White 
Pine Association of The Tonawandas," of Tonawanda 
and North Tonawanda, New^ York, which cover not as 
a manufacturing but as a wholesale distributing point 
the combined product of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michi- 
gan, and Idaho, and also the White Pine product of 
Canada. 

Under "Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in 
House Construction" as above set out, — and to facilitate a 
quick interpretation and to simplify the practical application 
of the use of the various grades, — is included a carefully de- 
tailed recommendation of those White Pine lumber grades 
best suited for the different purposes in house construction for 
which lumber is used, and covers, under three classes, houses 
of High, Medium, and Low Cost, as follows : 

CLASS L Houses of the highest grade where Quality is 
first and Cost a secondary consideration. 

CLASS 2. Houses of medium grade where Quality and 
Cost are being equally considered. 

CLASS 3. Houses of cheap construction where Cost is first 
and Quality a secondary consideration. 



Under each of the three sets of "White Pine Standard Grad- 
ing Rules" as above set out under Sections I, II, and III, — 
and to fully and clearly define each of the various grades, — is 
included the following data covering each separate grade. 

1 "Photographic Reproduction," being a half-tone illustra- 

tion of the characteristic defects in each White Pine 
Lumber Grade. As no lumber grade can be definitely rep- 
resented by a single board, each grade is illustrated by the 
use of from three to six boards, placed side by side, in this 
showing, in so far as is practicable, a really representative 
grade. 

2 "Description of Grade," being in each case a correct de- 

scription of the grade as included under one of the three 
before mentioned sets of White Pine Standard Grading 
Rules. 

3 "General Grade Distinctions," being a condensed and easily 

understood interpretation of the characteristic defects of 
each grade. 

4 "Stock Sizes," being the regular stock sizes in which the 

grade is ordinarily manufactured and sold. 

5 "Recommended Uses," being those uses, from a practical 

standpoint, for which each grade is best adapted in house 
construction, or in other words, for what purpose it should 
be used. 

6 "Approximate Difference in Cost Between Grades," being 

the approximate difference in cost at the point of manufac- 
ture between each grade as described and the next higher 
grade, and should be construed only as an approximate. 

Further are included, as an introductory to the above classi- 
fied information, a "Table of Contents"; "General and Al- 
phabetical Index," carefully detailed for quick reference; 



GENERAL EXPLANATORY PREFACE 



11 



"General Explanatory Preface" ; "White Pine Lumber Terms 
and Their Meaning"; "Recognized Defects in White Pine 
Lumber"; " 'Knot' Grades vs. 'Sap' Grades— Briefly Defin- 
ing the Relative Qualities for Outside and Inside Use of 
These Two Distinctly Different Types of White Pine Lum- 
ber"; "Comparative Qualities of White Pine from the New 
England States, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Wis- 
consin, Michigan, and Idaho"; and "Instructions for Use of 
This Book." 

To those unfamiliar with lumber grading-, the description of 
a lumber grade is ordinarily misleading in that it of necessity 
describes only the poorest of the lumber permissible in any 
certain grade, or in other words, the low line of that grade, 
while the actual grade itself includes all lumber between this 
low line grade and the next higher grade. 

White Pine — while the wood par excellence for all construc- 
tion work— fs especially recommended for all outside uses of 
every nature where exposure to the weather or dampness is 
the fesf,— including sash, doors, and blinds. Also for inside 
doors and door frames, all interior finish and especially enam- 
eled work, flooring and ceiling lumber, stairs, kitchen cup- 
boards, pantry and closet shelving, flour bins, kitchen cabinets, 
etc., etc., — and for lath. White Pine is not urged and is limited 
in its use for general framing purposes as against other per- 



haps almost equal and lower cost structural woods, but as it 
does not warp or twist, shrink or swell, when once in place, it 
is particularly recommended for studding in avoiding spring- 
ing or buckling of door and window frames and consequent 
sticking and binding of doors and windows, cracking of 
plaster, etc. 

In this book, White Pine has been recommended for use 
only in connection with House Construction, the detailed in- 
formation herein given being confined to those uses for which 
it is best suited in that particular class of building, no attempt 
having been made to cover the broader or in any sense the 
entire field of its usefulness. The information, however, while 
it pertains only to house construction, may be used as a basis 
and interpreted in terms which wnll apply to any class of 
building operation where White Pine is to be specified. 

To avoid substitution. White Pine from Minnesota, Wiscon- 
sin, Michigan, and Canada, when desired, should always be so 
specified, and to insure its being correctly described, either the 
name, "Northern White Pine," or the botanical name, "Pinus 
Strobus," should always be used. In like manner. White Pine 
from Idaho, when desired, should always be so specified, and 
to insure its being correctly described, either the name "Idaho 
White Pine," or the botanical name, "Pinus Monticola," 
should always be used. 



WHITE PINE LUMBER TERMS AND THEIR MEANING 



FINISH LUMBER. A smooth appearing type of White 
Pine lumber for use in interior and exterior trim, graded to 
include only very small knots, sap, shake, check, and pitch 
defects, — and to avoid large and coarse knots. 

COMMON LUMBER. A coarse appearing or heavily 
knotted type of White Pine lumber for general framing or 
structural purposes, graded to include knots as its principal 
defect, the knots ranging in size from small sound knots to 
large coarse and unsound knots. 

BOARDS. Lumber i inch thick, and all widths. 

FENCING. Lumber i inch thick, and 4 or 6 inches wide. 

DIMENSION AND TIMBERS. Framing or structural 
lumber, 2 inches or more in thickness, and 4 inches or more 
in width. 

FACTORY LUMBER. A cutting-up type of White Pine 
lumber particularly adapted for factory cutting-up purposes 
in the making of sash, doors and blinds, interior trim, etc. 

INCH LUMBER, Lumber i inch only in thickness. 

THICK LUMBER. Lumber 154, i^^, 2 inches, and thicker, 
in thickness. 



THICK AND INCH LUMBER. Lumber i, 1%, i>^, 2 
inches, and thicker, in thickness. 

BEVELED SIDING. Inch lumber, 4 or 6 inches wide, re- 
sawed diagonally. 

6 inch — Beveled Siding— End Section. 

DROP SIDING 
COVE SIDING 
NOVELTY SIDING 
GERMAN SIDING 
RUSTIC SIDING 

Inch lumber, 4 or 6 inches wide. Dressed and Matched, and 

with one special pattern moulded edge. 




6 inch — Drop Siding — Illustrating One 
Pattern — End Section. 

FLOORING. Inch lumber, 4 or 6 inches wide. Dressed and 
Matched. 





6 inch— Flooring — End Section. 



14 



WHITE PINE LUMBER TERMS AND THEIR MEANING 



DRESSED AND MATCHED. Ordinarily referring to PARTITION. Inch lumber, 4 or 6 inches wide, Dressed and 
Inch lumber, 8, 10 or 12 inches wide, made into Flooring, Matched, either Beaded or "V" Grooved on one edge on 

but may refer to 4 or 6 inch lumber. both sides, or Beaded or "V" Grooved both in centre and on 

one edge on both sides. 




8 inch— Dressed and Matched— End Section. 

D & M An abbreviation for Dressed and Matched. 
SURFACED. Planed on one or more sides. 






6 inch — Partition — End Section. 



BEADED. A pattern worked on Ceiling, Partition, Etc., as PHILADELPHIA FENCING. Same in pattern as Par 

illustrated below. 

tion. 



ti- 




" Beaded" 
-End Section. 



'V" GROOVE. A pattern worked on Ceiling, Partition, Etc., 
as illustrated below. 



SHIPLAP. Inch lumber 8 or 10 inches wide. Surfaced on 
one side, and "L" Matched on both edges. 




^ 



8 inch — Shiplap — End Section. 



"V" Groove 
-End Section. 



CEILING. Inch lumber, 4 or 6 inches wide, Dressed and GROOVED ROOFING. Inch lumber, 8, 10, or 12 inches 

Matched, either Beaded or "V" Grooved on one edge, or wide, Surfaced on one side, and Grooved near both edges 

Beaded or "V" Grooved both in centre of face side and on on face side, 
one edge. 







6 inch— Ceiling — End Section. 



10 inch — Grooved Roofing — End Section. 



RECOGNIZED DEFECTS IN WHITE PINE LUMBER 



Recognized Defects in White Pine Lumber are, Knots, Knot 
Holes, Sap, Sap Stain, Rot, Shake, Checks, Sphts, Pitch 
Pockets, Pitch Streaks, Wane, Worm Holes, Chip Grain, 
Torn Grain, and Loosened Grain. 

KNOTS. Knots are classified as pin, pencil, small, large, or 
coarse, as to size; round, branch or spike, as to form; and 
sound, loose, incased, pitch, and rotten, as to quality. 

A pin or pencil knot is sound and shall not exceed ^ inch 
in diameter. 

A small knot is just larger than a pin or pencil knot and 
shall not exceed ly^ inches in diameter. 

A large or coarse knot is any size over 1 1/2 inches in diam- 
eter. 

A round knot is oval or circular in form. 

A branch or spike knot is one sawed lengthwise of the 
knot. 

The mean or average diameter of a knot shall be consid- 
ered in appl5ang and construing these rules. 

A sound knot is one solid across its face, is as hard as the 
wood that surrounds it, may be either red or black, and is so 
fixed by growth or position that it w'ill retain its place in the 
piece. 

A loose knot is one not firmly set but still retains its place 
in the piece. 

An incased knot is one surrounded wholly by bark or 
pitch. 



A pitch knot is a sound knot with a pitch hole not more 
than i^ inches in diameter. 

A rotten knot is one decayed beyond the wood that sur- 
rounds it. 

SAP, Sap defect is the sap growth just inside the bark, or in 
other words, is the outside and not the heart portion of the 
log. 

SAP STAIN. Sap stain is a name applied to blue or discol- 
ored sap. 

SHAKE. Shake is the name applied to slight openings in the 
grain and in the log follows the growth rings in circular 
form. 

CHECKS. Checks are openings in, and usually though not 
necessarily following, the grain of the wood. 

SPLITS. Splits are checks or openings in the wood at the 
end of the piece, usually following the grain of the wood. 

PITCH POCKETS. Pitch pockets are liquid pitch, usually 
dried out, deposited in cup or pocket in the openings between 
the grain of the wood, and are classed as small, medium, 
and large pitch pockets. 

A small pitch pocket is not over ^ of an inch wide. 



16 



RECOGNIZED DEFECTS IN WHITE PINE LUMBER 



A medium pitch pocket is not over ^ of an inch wide, or 
3 inches in length. 

A large pitch pocket is over ^ of an inch wide, or over 3 
inches in length. 

A pitch pocket showing open on both sides of the piece % 
of an inch or more in width shall be considered the same as 
a knot hole. 

PITCH STREAKS. Pitch streaks are the result of pitch 
penetrating into the grain of the wood, leaving a pitchy line 
in the wood. 



WANE. Wane is a "barkey" edge or where the piece is not 
entirely square-edged as the result of bark on edge being- 
removed. 



WORM HOLES. Worm holes are the result of borings of 
worms into the w^ood. 

CHIP GRAIN. Chip grain consists in the surface being 
slightly chipped below or deeper than the line of the cut, 
and as usually found should not be classed as torn grain, 
and shall not be considered a defect. 

TORN GRAIN. Torn grain consists in small particles of the 
wood being torn out in the dressing, and occurs around 
knots and curly places, it being divided into four classes,— 
slight, medium, heavy, and deep. 

Slight torn grain shall not exceed /42 of an inch in depth ; 
medium torn grain. Vie of an inch ; heavy torn grain, }i of 
an inch; and deep torn grain, anything over ^ of an inch. 

LOOSENED GRAIN. Loosened grain consists in having 
the grain lift, tear, or peel up. 



"KNOT" GRADES VS. "SAP" GRADES 



Briefly Defining the Relative Qualities for Outside and Inside 
Use of These Two Distinctly Different Types of White Pine Lumber 



IN selecting a grade of lumber, its qualities should never be 
judged as the result of its coarse or smooth appearance, 
but rather as to whether the coarser and necessarily less pleas- 
ing appearance of knotted lumber, or the smoother and there- 
fore more pleasing sap lumber, will best serve the purpose for 
which they are to be used. Both knotted and sap grades of 
lumber will each give most perfect service when used for those 
purposes for which they are best adapted, but each should be 
selected with a knowledge and discrimination of the character 
of its defects and the resultant effect which those defects in 
each case will have on their ability to render the service they 
are to be asked to perform. 

Knots, while, ordinarily so considered, are in reality not a 
defect, but the natural growth of the limbs of the tree, and 
when sound their life is as long as, or even longer than, the 
wood that surrounds them. Therefore, for all outside uses 
where exposure to the weather or dampness is the test,— unless 
clear White Pine lumber is to be used,— small sound-knotted 
White Pine lumber, if free from sap, will meet every most 
exacting requirement and give perfect service. 

Sap is that part of the growth in White Pine lumber just 
inside the bark, it being the outside and not the heart portion 
of the log, and is a defect which is the forerunner of decay 



unless fully protected from the elements by frequent painting; 
and therefore to secure its best service should be used inside, 
or in other words, in protected places. 

As sound-knotted White Pine lumber when cut from the 
inside or heart portion of the log, though coarse in appear- 
ance, will not decay when exposed to the weather, while the 
more smooth appearing White Pine sap lumber as cut from 
the outside or sap portion of the log unless kept carefully 
painted will do so, the use of knotted heart lumber for outside 
exposed or unprotected places, and sap lumber for inside or 
protected uses, is strong^ urged, unless clear White Pine lum- 
ber is to be used. 

Before leaving this subject, the point if only touched upon 
should be emphasized, that lumber is too often chosen, but 
never should be, because it is clear, or its use rejected or re- 
fused, because it carries knots. Knotted lumber of one kind 
or species for a specific use may be infinitely better than clear 
lumber of another kind. For example, the poorest grades of 
Oak make better furniture than even the best of Ash, and so 
it is in the choosing of a structural wood, the kind or species 
of the wood to be chosen is infinite^ more important than the 
quality, or in other words the grade, of that wood. 



COMPARATIVE QUALITIES OF WHITE PINE FROM THE NEW ENGLAND STATES, 
NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN AND IDAHO 



THE first native White Pine used in the United States was 
grown in the New England States, New York and 
Pennsylvania. Since then the trend of White Pine production 
has gradually been westward, and to-day the major portion of 
the White Pine distributed in the markets of the United 
States, and also exported, comes from Northern Minnesota, 
Wisconsin and Michigan, and from Northern Idaho. The 
habitat of the true White Pine seems to have been confined to 
three districts in the United States and to a small portion of 
eastern Canada, and while widely separated and distinctly dif- 
ferent in topographical features, and in climatic and soil con- 
ditions, yet each has produced in almost identical quality that 
species of tree known as "White Pine." 

The White Pine (Pinus Strohus) of the New England 
States, New York and Pennsylvania, and of Minnesota, Wis- 
consin and Michigan, is alike characterized by its extreme 
softness, ease of working, strength, durability, its ability to 
stay in place after once being fitted, its freedom from pitch or 
objectionable acids, and its consequent remarkable qualities as 
a structural wood, especially for outside uses. 

The White Pine formerly cut in the East and in the North 
Central States was of large growth and of exceptional quality, 
—of soft, almost corklike texture,— and there is still remain- 
ing a large feetage of this same high quality of timber in 
Northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. It must not be sup- 



posed, however, that all White Pine from any one locality, 
either in the East or Middle West, is of equal quality. The 
choicest of old growth White Pine does not grow alone in, nor 
is it identified with, any one locality, the White Pine of the 
highest quality and the coarser types usually growing together, 
oftentimes intermixed, in the same general territory. 

Idaho White Pine {Pinus Monticola) is a true White Pine, 
differing only slightly in certain characteristics from the 
White Pine (Pinus Strobus) of the New England States, 
New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Mich- 
igan. In fact, all botanists are not agreed that there is a bo- 
tanical difference. 

Idaho White Pine is hardy and grows in thin and rocky soil 
in mountainous districts, or in rich volcanic ash, the growth 
being dense and intermixed with Fir and Tamarack. The 
rain- and snow-fall are heavy and conditions have produced 
an exceptionally tall, round tree, with little taper and few and 
strong limbs. The large old growth White Pine in this dis- 
trict furnishes the same quality of soft, cork White Pine as 
was the distinguishing trait of the Eastern White Pine. The 
second or younger growth White Pine furnishes what is 
known under the grading rules as so-called "White Pine 
Common" lumber, this younger growth White Pine producing 
remarkably straight-grained, sound and small-knotted lum- 
ber, showing evenness of grain close up to the knot defect, and 



20 



COMPARATIVE QUALITIES OF WHITE PINE FROM THE DIFFERENT STATES 



the same general appearance throughout the entire length of 
the board. The freedom of the trees from large limbs renders 
the lumber comparatively free from large, coarse knots, those 
which do appear being of the pin-knot variety. 

The few characteristic differences between "Northern 
White Pine" and "Idaho White Pine" are an almost complete 
absence of shake in Idaho White Pine as against being cjuite 
prevalent in Northern White Pine; a tendency to check in 
Idaho White Pine not so evident in Northern White Pine and 
which compels added care in drying; a somewhat larger per- 
centage of loose knots in Idaho White Pine than in Northern 
White Pine ; slight though very infrequent evidences of pitch 
streaks in Idaho White Pine not found in Northern White 
Pine. 

In general, the marked characteristics of all White Pine, 
whether from the Eastern States, the Middle West, or from 
Idaho, are softness of texture, evenness of fiber, closeness of 
grain, absence of unruly cross-grain, ability to stand exposure 
out-of-doors through varying extremes of weather, hot or 
cold, wet or dry, without deterioration or rot, and an absence 
of any tendency to open at the joints, to warp or to creep, after 
once being put into place. It shrinks less than any other struc- 
tural wood, is very light, and while it does not possess in pieces 
of equal dimension the strength of some of the harder, heavier 



woods, weight for weight it has no equal. For pattern work 
or the most delicate wood-carving it is the first choice of all 
wood-workers. 

White Pine in its freedom from resin or pitch or from objec- 
tionable acids and oils, takes paint or enamel finish perfectly. 
It absorbs and grips the paint, but does this economically, and 
holds its coat of paint longer and more perfectly than any 
other wood, hard or soft. 

Commercially speaking, the New England States, New 
York and Pennsylvania formerly furnished, and in later 
years Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota have furnished 
the great and seemingly exhaustless supply of White Pine 
lumber up to perhaps ten years ago when Idaho White Pine 
also came upon the market. A close analyzation of the com- 
parative qualities of the White Pine from the East, Middle 
West, and from Idaho, results in finding only those slight dif- 
ferences which are due to changed climatic and soil conditions 
in the widely separated territories. For all practical purposes, 
however, the White Pine grown in any of these three White 
Pine producing territories is identical, and can be used from 
any one district, or interchangeably if desired, by the most dis- 
criminating and exacting of architects or builders, with an 
absolute assurance of satisfactory results. 



INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF THIS BOOK 

For guidance and to simplify the use of this book in correctly specifying the various grades of White Pine Lumber required in house construction, it 
must first be stated, — that while various localities have their own local lumber grades,— there are three fundamental or basic sets of White Pine Stan- 
dard Grading Rules, one or more of which are familiar to all White Pine Wholesale and Retail Lumber Dealers in all sections of the United States. 
These three sets of White Pine Grading Rules form the basis of this book, being in each case introduced by a tabulation of "Classified Recommended 
Uses for White Pine in House Construction," compiled in three sections as follows: 



SECTION I 

(Pages 23-81) 

"Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine 
in House Construction" under the White Pine 
Standard Grading Rules of the Northern Pine 
Manufacturers' Association 

and 

"White Pine Standard Grading Rules of the 
Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association," 
which cover the product of Minnesota, Wiscon- 
sin, and Michigan. 



SECTION II 
(Pages 83-137) 

"Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine 
in House Construction" under the White Pine 
Standard Grading Rules of the Western Pine 
Manufacturers' Association 

and 



"White Pine Standard Grading Rules of the 
Western Pine Manufacturers' Association," 
which cover the product of Idaho. 



SECTION III 

(Pages 139-197) 

"Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine 
in House Construction" under the White Pine 
Standard Grading Rules of The White Pine 
Association of The Tonawandas 

and 
"White Pine Standard Grading Rules of The 
White Pine Association of The Tonawandas," of 
Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, New York, 
which cover not as a manufacturing but as a 
wholesale distributing point the combined prod- 
uct of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and 
Idaho, and also the White Pine product of 
Canada. 



FIRST 

Determine through any Local Lumber Dealer which one of the above three sets of 
White Pine Standard Grading Rules applies to the territory from which White 
Pine Lumber to be specified is to be furnished. 



SECOND 

Refer to such "Classified Recommended Uses for White Pine in House Construc- 
tion" as are associated with that set of White Pine Standard Grading Rules which 
apply to the territory from which White Pine Lumber to be specified is to be fur- 
nished, and determine therefrom which one of the several recommended grades 



22 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF THIS BOOK 



is best adapted for the particular purpose desired, these "Classified Recommended 
Uses for White Pine in House Construction" being compiled under three classes, 
covering houses of High, Medium, and Low cost. 

THIRD 

To accurately define and correctly determine the quality of any recommended grade 
under any one of the above three sets of White Pine Standard Grading Rules, re- 
fer to illustrations and descriptive data covering each separate grade, as follows: 

"Photographic Reproduction of Grade." 

"Description of Grade." 

"General Grade Distinctions." 

"Stock Sizes." 

"Recommended Uses." 

"Approximate Difference in Cost Between Grades." 

FOURTH 

If in any case it should be found, during building construction, that the grade of 
White Pine Lumber as specified from data obtained from this book, exceeds or 
falls short in quality of the desired requirements, or is higher or lower in grade 
than the mental impression gained from the illustrations and descriptions shown, 
future specifications should be corrected to conform thereto. 



Section I 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE 
CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE WHITE PINE GRADING RULES OF 

THE NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

AND 
WHITE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES OF THE NORTHERN 
PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION WHICH COVER THE 

PRODUCT OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN AND MICHIGAN 



Tlie illustrations of the various Wliitc Pine Lumber Grades 
are reproduced from photographs by Lee J. Saylor. 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION 



UNDER 

THE WHITE PINE GRADING RULES OF THE 
NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

WHICH COVER THE PRODUCT OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN AND MICHIGAN 

Being Divided, for Purposes of Interpretation, into Three Classes, 
Covering Respectively Houses of High, Medium, and Low Cost. 

TO AVOID SUBSTITUTION— WHITE PINE from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, when desired, should always be so specified, and 
to insure its being correctly described, either the name " Northern White Pine" or the botanical name, " Pinus Strobus," should always be used. 



YVTHITE PINE— while the wood par excellence for all construction work 
" —is especially recommended for all outside uses of every nature 
where exposure to the weather or dampness is the test,— including sash, 
doors and blinds. Also for inside doors and door frames, all interior finish 
and especially enameled work, flooring and ceiling lumber, stairs, kitchen 
cupboards, pantry and closet shelving, flour bins, kitchen cabinets, etc., etc., 
and for lath. White Pine is not urged and is limited in its use for general 
framing purposes as against other perhaps almost equal and lower cost 
structural woods, but as it does not warp or twist, shrink or swell, when 
once in place, it is particularly recommended for studding in avoiding 
springing or buckling of door and window frames and consequent sticking 
and binding of doors and windows, cracking of plaster, etc. 



TN COMPILING the following "Classified Recommended Uses for White 
■'■ Pine in House Construction," it has not been the intent to draw definite 
and arbitrary lines, but rather to indicate reasonable limits for average con- 
ditions. It will be readily understood that one builder may produce better 
work with the same grades of material than another, and much of the qual- 
ity in building construction depends on the good or poor judgment exercised 
in properly utilizing the material furnished to the best advantage. Class 1 and 
Class 2 alone cover the range of grades recommended for ordinary archi- 
tectural use. Class 3 is too low in grade to ordinarily warrant the employ- 
ment of an architect, but is used in an endeavor to more distinctly define 
the necessarily somewhat indefinite dividing line between high, medium 
and low grades in White Pine lumber. 



Class l . Houses of the highest grade where Quality is first and Cost a secondary consideration. 

Class 2. Houses of medium grade where Quality and Cost are being equally considered. 

Class 3. Houses of cheap construction where Cost is first and Quality a secondary consideration. 

SILLS AND POSTS BOX SILLS JOIST 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 2. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Dimension. Class 2. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dimension. Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 



26 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



FLOOR LININGS OR SUB-FLOORS 

Class 1. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards- 
Surfaced. 

Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards— Surfaced. 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards. 



STUDDING, FLOOR AND CEILING PLATES 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 2. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 

RAFTERS 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 2. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dimension. 

SHEATHING 

Class 1. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards- 
Surfaced. 

Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards- 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards. 



-Surfaced. 



ROOF BOARDS 

Class 1. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing. 

Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing. 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards or No. 4 White Pine 
Fencing. 



CORNICE 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In l!4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In I'/i Inch or Thicker. 

FACIA 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Fietter— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

SOFFIT 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In l|/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

SHINGLES 

Practically no White Pine Shingles are now manufactured in Minnesota, 
Wisconsin and Michigan, and therefore no attempt is here made to de- 
scribe or classify them. 

RIDGE BOARDS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Stock. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Select; No. 1 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 White Pine Fencing. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



27 



OUTSIDE BASE, CASINGS, CORNER BOARDS, ETC. 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1]4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. I Common — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

PORCHES, BALCONIES, DORMERS, ETC. 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1^ Inch or Thicker. 

PORCH FLOORING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "B" or Better Flooring— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Flooring— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "D" Flooring— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

PORCH CEILING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Flooring— Beaded. 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring— Beaded. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring— Beaded. 

PORCH STEPS 

Class 1. White Pine "B" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "B" Select or Better— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock or White Pine "C" Select— In One Inch. 
White Pine "C" Select— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Select— In One Inch. 
White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Select— In l'/4 Inch 
or Thicker. 



OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME JAMBS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In V/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. I White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME CASINGS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. V/hite Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 

WINDOW FRAME JAMBS AND CASINGS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In V/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In II/4 Inch or Thicker. 

WINDOW FRAME SILLS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 



28 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



MOULDINGS 

White Pine Mouldings are not listed or described in the Northern Pine 
Manufacturers' Association grading rules, therefore are not here classi- 
fied, but are of a grade practically free from defects, and are procurable 
in all patterns and sizes. 



INSIDE DOOR FRAMES 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1^ Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Select— In One 
Inch. 
White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Select— In II4 Inch 
or Thicker. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Select or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards 
— In One Inch. 
V/hite Pine "D" Select or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common 
—In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 

BEVELED SIDING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Siding. 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Siding. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" or "E" Siding. 



SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS 

Sash, Doors and Blinds are the product of and are manufactured only by 
Sash, Door and Blind Factories, therefore are graded under the Grading 
Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory Associations. For 
this reason no attempt is here made to describe or classify them, and for 
detailed information as to the grades applying thereto reference is made 
to the Grading Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory Asso- 
ciations. Special reference, however, is made to the grades of No. 1 and 
No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings under Factory Lumber in the Grading 
Rules of the Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association on page 78, from 
which No. 1 and No. 2 White Pine Doors are made. White Pine Window 
Sash and White Pine Outside Blinds are ordinarily made from a grade 
equal to that of No. 1 White Pine Door Cuttings. Special or higher 
grades in White Pine Sash, Doors and Blinds can be procured on special 
order. Northern White Pine Sash, Doors and Blinds from the White 
Pine territory embracing Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, when de- 
sired, should always be so specified and for protection against substitution 
either the name "Northern White Pine," or the botanical name "Pinus 
Strobus," should always be used. 

INSIDE FLOORING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Flooring. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring; 

or No. 1 White Pine Fencing Flooring. 



DROP SIDING, COVE SIDING, NOVELTY SIDING, GER- 
MAN SIDING, RUSTIC SIDING, STONE-FACE SIDING, 8 
TO 12 INCH CLAPBOARDS, OR OTHER OUTSIDE HOUSE 
COVERING 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; White Pine "D" Select; 
or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards. 

Class 3. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Fencing. 



LATH 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Lath. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Lath. 

Class 3. No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine). 



INTERIOR TRIM 

Class I. White Pine "B" Select or Better. 
White Pine "C" Select. 



Class 2. 
Class 3. 



White Pine "D" Select; 

No. 1 White Pine Common Boards; 

or No. 1 White Pine Fencing. 



KITCHEN CUPBOARDS, PANTRY AND CLOSET SHELV- 
ING, FLOUR BINS, KITCHEN CABINETS, WAINSCOTING 
AND PARTITION, ETC., ETC., KITCHEN, ATTIC AND 
CELLAR STAIRS 

Class 1 . White Pine "C" Select or Better. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine "D" Select. 

Class 3. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 or No. 2 White. Pine Fencing. 



White Pine Standard Grading Rules 

OF THE 

Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association 

WHICH COVER THE PRODUCT OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN AND MICHIGAN 

INCLUDING 
ILLUSTRATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS OF GRADES, GENERAL GRADE 
DISTINCTIONS, STOCK SIZES. RECOMMENDED USES, AND 
APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCES IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 



PREFACE 



The accompanying White Pine grading rules were 
adopted by the Bureau of Grades of the Mississippi Val- 
ley Lumbermen's Association and the Wisconsin Valley 
Lumbermen's Association in the fall of 1894, and have 
since been in force. In 1906, the two associations were 
merged into one organization called the Northern Pine 
Manufacturers' Association. 

Nine editions have been issued. Only slight changes 
have been made and these had been suggested by the ex- 
perience of the intervening period during which the 



work of unifying the grading of White Pine Lumber has 
been carried on under the auspices of the organization 
mentioned. The rules express, as nearly as it is possible 
to define them, the grades of White Pine lumber being 
made under the supervision of the Bureau of Grades 
with its corps of inspectors. Practically all of the White 
Pine Lumber manufactured in Minnesota, Wisconsin 
and Michigan is graded in accordance with these rules 
and is subjected to the supervisory inspection of the em- 
ployees of the Bureau of Grades. 



30 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 
STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADES AND NOMENCLATURE 

Including Page Index 
the following are the standard white pine grades adopted by the northern 

pine MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION AND THE TERMS BY WHICH THEY ARE TO BE KNOWN 



WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 
FINISHING 



PAGE 



White Pine "B" Select 

and Better 32,33,34,35 

1, 1J4, 1^ and 2 inch. 
White Pine "C" Select ..... 36, 37 

1, 1|4, 11/^ and 2 inch. 
White Pine "D" Select . . . . 38, 39 

J, J!4, l!/2 and 2 inch. 
White Pine "D" Stock and Box . . 40, 41 

1 inch. 

WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

White Pine "B" and Better Siding . .42 

White Pine "C" Siding 43 

White Pine "D" Siding 44 

White Pine "E" Siding 45 

WHITE PINE FLOORING 

White Pine "B" and Better Flooring . 46 

White Pine "C" Flooring . ... 47 

White Pine "D" Flooring .... 48 

White Pine Farmers Clear Flooring . . 49 
White Pine No. 1 Fencing, 

Dressed & Matched 50 

White Pine No. 2 Fencing, 

Dressed & Matched 51 

White Pine No. 3 Fencing, 

Dressed & Matched 52 



PAGE 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 
WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 
WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

White Pine No. 1 Shiplap .... 54 

White Pine No. 2 Shiplap .... 55 

White Pine No. 3 Shiplap .... 56 

White Pine No. 4 Shiplap .... 57 

White Pine No. 1 Grooved Roofing . . 54 

White Pine No. 2 Grooved Roofing . . 55 

White Pine No. 1 Dressed & Matched . 54 

White Pine No. 2 Dressed & Matched . 55 

White Pine No. 3 Dressed & Matched . 56 

White Pine No. 4 Dressed & Matched . 57 

WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

White Pine No. 1 Common Boards . 58, 59 

White Pine No. 2 Common Boards . 60, 61 

White Pine No. 3 Common Boards . 62, 63 

White Pine No. 4 Common Boards . 64, 65 

White Pine No. 5 Common Boards . . 66 

WHITE PINE FENCING 

White Pine No. 1 Fencing .... 68 

White Pine No. 2 Fencing .... 69 

White Pine No. 3 Fencing .... 70 

White Pine No. 4 Fencing .71 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 
White Pine No. 1 Dimension and 

Timbers 72 

White Pine No. 2 Dimension and 

Timbers 72 



PAGE 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND 

TIMBERS (Continued) 

White Pine No. 3 Dimension ... 73 

White Pine Tank Stock 73 

White Pine Select Common .... 74 

WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER 
White Pine No. 1 Thick Common Lumber 75 
White Pine No. 2 Thick Common Lumber 
White Pine No. 3 Thick Common Lumber 
White Pine No. 4 Thick Common Lumber 
White Pine No. 5 Thick Common Lumber 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 
White Pine Factory "A" Select and 
Better 



75 
76 
76 

77 



, 1!4, 1^2 and 2 inch. 
Pine Factory "B" Select ... 79 
, 1J4, 1^ and 2 inch. 
Pine Factory "C" Select ... 79 
, i;4, 11/^ and 2 inch. 
Pine No. 1 Shop Common . . 79 
J!4) l!/2 and 2 inch. 
Pine No. 2 Shop Common . . 79 
!4. 1/4 and 2 inch. 

Pine No. 3 Shop Common . . 80 
'/4. ^Yi and 2 inch. 
White Pine Inch Shop Common ... 80 

1 inch. 
White Pine Short Box . . . . .80 
1, 114, \Y2 and 2 inch. 

LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath 81 

No. 1 Mixed Lath (Not All White Pine) . 81 

No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine) . . 81 



White 
1 

White 
1 

White 



White 
1 

White 
1 



78 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



31 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

FOR THE GRADING OF WHITE PINE LUMBER UNDER THE GRADING 
RULES OF THE NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 



The aim of the uniform grading inspection is to harmonize the natural 
differences which exist in the characteristics of the different stocks co- 
operating in this bureau, making lumber of the same grades, at the differ- 
ent manufacturing points, of practically equal value, whether the logs from 
which the lumber is cut are large or small, coarse-knotted, fine-knotted, 
black-knotted, red-knotted, sound or shaky. 

r. No arbitrary rules for the inspection of lumber can be maintained 
with satisfaction. The variations from any given rule are nu- 
merous and suggested by practical common sense, so nothing 
more definite than the general features of different g^rades should 
be attempted by rules of inspection. The following, therefore, 
are submitted as the general characteristics of the different 
grades. 

2. In the grading of finishing lumber in common practice, there is a 

recognized difference in classifying inch lumber, and lumber 
thicker than inch. 

3. A very large percentage of the one and one-fourth, one and one- 

half and two-inch lumber used for finishing purposes goes into 
work requiring each face to be shown, as in doors, sash, -etc. With 
inch lumber, except shop common and partition, the uses are quite 
different, the almost invariable practice being that one face of the 
board is shown and that face the better one. 

4. The face side of the lumber is the side showing the best quality or 

appearance. 

5. Defects in lumber should be distributed in proportion to the size of 

the piece. Long or wide pieces of the same grade may contain 
more and greater defects than shorter or narrower pieces. The 
same percentage should be observed in both long and short, wide 
and narrow. 

6. Wane in lumber is a defect which cannot be described by rule with 

satisfaction, and therefore must be left to the judgment of the 
grader. 



In a general way Dressed and Matched stock, except No. 3, should 
have a good bearing on back, and lumber Surfaced i Side 
Surfaced 2 Sides shows nearly a full face. 



or 



8. The lowering of grade on the face side on account of wane should 

be governed by grade, width and defects in the piece. 

9. Due consideration in rough stock should be given for the amount 

of wane that would be surfaced off in milling. 

10. Lumber must be accepted on grade in the form in which it was 

shipped. Any subsequent change in manufacture or mill work 
will prohibit an inspection for the adjustment of claims, except 
with the consent of all parties interested. 

11. Mixed widths boards do not necessarily require as gooct edges as 

shiplap or dressed and matched stock of the same grade. 

12. Planing mill work should be -taken into consideration in all grades 

of dressed lumber, and its effect on a piece must be left largely to 
the judgment of the inspector. 

13. Thick White Pine "C" Select, except for factory purposes, should 

be graded on its best side or face, not so much attention being 
given to the back ; but in the grades of White Pine "B" Select 
and Better, the back should, as a rule, be within one grade of the 
face. 

14. The grade of partition shall be determined from its poorer side. 

15. Lumlier when worked shall be graded the same as the respective 

grades when in the rough. 

16. Unless otherwise provided for, lumber worked two sides shall be 

graded from its better side or face ; lumber worked one side shall 
be graded from its surfaced side. 

17. The examples given in this book do not in all cases include all of 

the dift'erent types in any grade. 

18. The interpretation of any grade is intended to cover all lumber be- 

tween the next higher grade above, and the next grade below. 

19. It is not contemplated by these rules to cover car siding and roofing, 

the grades of whicli should be determined by special agreement. 



32 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



HIGHEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



MEDIUM TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



33 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



LOWEST TYPE-"B' 



SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



WHITE PINE FINISHING 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

WHITE PINE "B" SELECT AND BETTER 

1. White Pine "B" Select and Better may be 4 inches or wider and 
shall consist of White Pine "B" Select and all the better product 
of the stock. 

2. In this grade white sap is not considered a defect unless too many 
other imperfections appear. 

3. Knots, shake, season checks, and a small amount of stained sap 
are admissible. 

4. A 4-inch or 6-inch piece should have but very little shake. Wider 
pieces can have more shake, but it should be local and not scattered 
over the face of the piece. 

5. Season checks equivalent to shake defects are admissible. 

6. Slightly stained sap is admissible when other defects are not of a 
serious nature, the amount of stained sap depending upon width 
of piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" Select and Better is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Finishing Lumber, White Pine "B" Select and 



all lumber grading better than "B" Select being combined under one 
grade, and including ist, 2d and 3d Clear, which is the highest type, 
— "A" Select, which is the medium type, — and "B" Select, which is the 
lowest type, — these three types or grades being ordinarily grouped 
and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and 
Better, but White Pine ist, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Se- 
lect, and White Pine "B" Select can be purchased separately on special 
requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i}i, i^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where the very highest type of White Pine is desired, 
including highest quality interior and exterior finish, paneling, 
enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



The grades of White Pine 1st, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select, and White Pine "B" Select, are ordinarily grouped and sold 
together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Better, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



34 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

HIGHEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 




SCALE; 1 Inch to l Foot 

MEDIUM TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER- THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



35 




SCALE: \ Inch to 1 Foot 

LOWEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER- THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



2. 



4- 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

WHITE PINE "B" SELECT AND BETTER 

I. White Pine "B" Select and Better may be 4 inches or wider and 
shall consist of White Pine "B" Select and all the better product 
of the stock. 

In this grade white sap is not considered a defect unless too many 
other imperfections appear. 

Knots, shake, season checks, and a small amount of stained sap are 
admissible. 

A 4-inch or 6-inch piece should have but very little shake. Wider 
pieces can have more shake, but it should be local and not scattered 
over the face of the piece. 

5. Season checks equivalent to shake defects are admissible. 

6. Slightly stained sap is admissible when other defects are not of a 
serious nature, the am.ount of stained sap depending upon width 
of piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 
GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" Select and Better is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Finishing Lumber, White Pine "B" Select and 

The grades of White Pine 1st, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" 
together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and 



all lumber grading better than "B" Select being combined under one 
grade, and including ist, 2d and 3d Clear, which is the highest type, 
— "A" Select, which is the medium type, — and "B" Select, which is the 
lowest type, — these three types or grades being ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Bet- 
ter, but White Pine ist, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select, and 
White Pine "B" Select can be purchased separately on special 
requisition. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i. 
Width . 4, 
Length . 6, 



1/4, i/^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where the very highest type of White Pine is desired, 
including highest quality interior and exterior finish, paneling, 
enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

Select and White Pine "B" Select, are ordinarily grouped and sold 
Better, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



36 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 'STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



C" SELECT-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 
STOCK SIZES 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "C" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade will admit of quite serious defects if the piece retains 
at the same time a fair appearance. 

3. The defects admissible are the same as those in White Pine "B" 
Select, but exist to a greater degree. 

4. Medium blue stain covering one-third the face of the piece, or sur- 
face season checks equivalent to shake defect, are admissible, if 
not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Select is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber, and admits of a slightly greater number of the 
same character of defects as in White Pine "B" Select and Better. 



Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



I, 1/4, i/^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior and interior finish, 
mouldings, paneling, cabinets, enameled work, etc., and is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN 



$15.00 to $20.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine 
and Better. 



COST BETWEEN GRADES 

B" Select 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



37 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



C" SELECT-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 
STOCK SIZES 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "C" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade will admit of quite serious defects if the piece retains 
at the same time a fair appearance. 

3. The defects admissible are the same as those in White Pine "B" 
Select, but exist to a greater degree. 

4. Medium blue stain covering one-third the face of the piece, or 
surface season checks equivalent to shake defect, are admissible, 
if not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Select is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber, and admits of a slightly greater number of the 
same character of defects as in White Pine "B" Select and Better. 



Thickness i, i}^, iy2, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior and interior finish, 
mouldings, paneling, cabinets, enameled work, etc., and is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$15.00 to $20.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" Select 
and Better. 



38 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALEi 1 Inch to 1 foot 



'D" SELECT- 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "D" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade admits any piece of lumber that has the appearance of 
finishing, or a percentage of cutting in which the defects are too 
numerous or too serious to admit of its being graded into White 
Pine "C" Select. 

3. Medium blue stain covering entire face, or season checks equiva- 
lent to shake defect, will be admitted if not in combination with 
other marked defects. 

Above description embraces one inch or thicker stock, and is graded 
strictly from the face without regard to the back and cannot be 
recommended for quality. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



photographed, therefore reproduction is apt to be misleading, and 
should be guarded against in this grade. For convenience, the grades 
of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and of White Pine "D" Stock and 
Box Boards are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one 
grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on 
special requisition. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



I, 1/4) i^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Select is the third or lowest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber, and while a fairly smooth appearing stock, 
carries serious defects in shake, stain, wane, some knots, etc., and is 
not recommended for quality. Shake, prevalent in Northern White 
Pine "D" Select, and one of the most serious defects in lumber, when 
exposure to the weather or dampness is the test, cannot be clearly 



6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for low quality interior finish, mouldings, etc., and for cut- 
ting-up purposes where fairly smooth appearing stock rather than 
exacting service is required, and is recommended only for houses 
of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



39 







SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'D" SELECT 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade admits any piece of lumber that has the appearance of 
finishing, or a percentage of cutting in which the defects are too 
numerous or too serious to admit of its being graded into White 
Pine/'C" Select. _ 

3. Medium blue stain covering entire face, or s-eason checks equiva- 
lent to shake defect, will be admitted if not in combination with 
other marked defects. 

Above description embraces one inch or thicker stock, and is graded 
strictly from the face without regard to the back and cannot be 
recommended for quality. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Select is the third or lowest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber, and while a fairly smooth appearing stock, 
• carries serious defects in shake, stain, wane, some knots, etc., and is 
not recommended for quality. Shake, prevalent in Northern White 
Pine "D" Select, and one of the most serious defects in lumber, when 
exposure to the weather or dampness is the test, cannot be clearly 



photographed, therefore reproduction is apt to be misleading, and 
should be guarded against in this grade. For convenience, the grades 
of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and of White Pine "D" Stock and 
Box Boards are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one 
grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on 
special requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, i^ or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for low quality interior finish, mouldings, etc., and for cut- 
ting-up purposes where fairly smooth appearing stock rather than 
exacting service is required, and is recommended only for houses 
of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



40 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



WHITE PINE "D" STOCK AND BOX BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is a grade of smooth- 
looking and sound-knotted lumber with edges free from wane and 
the grade practically free from shake. 

2. The knots may be either black or red, but should be sound and 
firmly set, varying in size from an inch and a half down. 

3. A White Pine "D" Box Board may have any number of sound 
knots, depending entirely upon their size and location. 

4. A 12-inch White Pine "D" Stock Board should contain a less num- 
ber of knots than a White Pine "D" Box Board, and 8 and lO inch 
"D" Stock Boards relatively smaller knots and less in number. 
This grade is none other than an extra smooth No. i White Pine 
Common Board grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is the highest standard grade 
of White Pine so-called Common Lumber, and is a small, tight, sound- 
knotted type, free from wane and practically free from sap and shake, 
or other defect. For convenience. White Pine "D" Stock and Box 
Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are ordinarily grouped 
and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but 



can be purchased separately on special requisition. White Pine "D" 
Stock and Box Boards is a distinctly higher and more serviceable 
though less smooth appearing type of lumber than White Pine "D" 
Select, but in grading, its exacting small-knotted qualities are such as 
to make it scarce, and therefore for convenience, it is graded into 
White Pine "D" Select. In practice, "D" Box is that portion of "D" 
Stock and Box Boards grade which is 13 inches and wider. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, in "D" Stock. 

13 inches and wider, in "D" Box. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for highly serviceable exterior finish where small sound 
knots are not objectionable and most exacting service is required, 
and is recommended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



41 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



WHITE PINE "D" STOCK AND BOX BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH V/IDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is a grade of smooth- 
looking and sound-knotted lumber with edges free from wane and 
the grade practically free from shake. 

2. The knots may be either black or red, but should be sound and 
firmly set, varying in size from an inch and a half down. 

3. A White Pine "D" Box Board may have any number of sound 
knots, depending entirely upon their size and location. 

4. A 12-inch White Pine "D" Stock Board should contain a less num- 
ber of knots than a White Pine "D" Box Board, and 8 and 10 inch 
"D" Stock Boards relatively smaller knots and less in number. 
This grade is none other than an extra smooth No. i White Pine 
Common Board grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is the highest standard grade 
of White Pine so-called Common Lumber, and is a small, tight, sound- 
knotted type, free from wane and practically free from sap and shake, 
or other defect. For convenience. White Pine "D" Stock and Box 
Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are ordinarily grouped 
and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but 



can be purchased separately on special requisition. White Pine "D" 
Stock and Box Boards is a distinctly higher and more serviceable 
though less smooth appearing type of lumber than White Pine "D" 
Select, but. in grading, its exacting small-knotted qualities are such as 
to make it scarce, and therefore for convenience, it is graded into 
White Pine "D" Select. In practice, "D" Box is that portion of "D" 
Stock and Box Boards grade which is 13 inches and wider. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, in "D" Stock. 

13 inches and wider, in "D" Box. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable exterior finish where small sound 
knots are not objectionable and most exacting service is required, 
and is recommended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



42 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIAT ION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



'B" AND BETTER— WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. White Pine "B" and Better Siding shall consist of 



'B" 



Siding 



grade and all the better product of the stock. 
2. White Pine "B" and Better Siding will admit of any amount of 
white sap, or two or three sound knots, not to exceed one-half inch 
in diameter, well scattered over the face of the piece. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" and Better Beveled Siding is the first or highest 
standard grade of White Pine Siding, and combines under one grade. 
White Pine "A" and Clear Siding, and White Pine "B" Siding, which 



two grades are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one 
grade of White Pine "B" and Better Siding, but White Pine "A" and 
Clear Siding, and White Pine "B" Siding, can be purchased sepa- 
rately on special requisition. 

White Pine "B" Siding is free from defects except white sap and two 
or three very small, sound knots. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 
Width . 
Lensrth . 



I inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
4 or 6 inches. 

4 to 20 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the highest grade of White Pine Beveled 
Siding is required, and is recommended for houses of the very 
highest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



The two grades of White Pine "A" and Clear Siding, and White Pine "B" Siding, are ordinarily grouped and sold 
together under the one grade of White Pine "B" and Better Siding, but can be purchased separately on special requisition 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



43 



^^^^^^^p 


IP 


^ 


mHiH 




■ 


^Sa^^P 


^^^^^^^^^ 


^1 




1 




1 


-^ " ^ 


^^^^^1 


^B 








-*- 


1 




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1 








» — 








%- — 




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♦ - 


















'V 


















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___J 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



'C"-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "C" Siding will admit of any amount of bright sap. 

2. Two or three small knots, not exceeding one inch in diameter, or 
more knots when smaller, or slight shake, or season checks, are 
admissible. 

3. A small amount of slightly blue sap on the thick edge is admissible 
or more blue sap on the thin edge. 

4. Defects requiring one cut, not to exceed four inches of waste, are 
allowed in high line pieces twelve feet long and longer. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Beveled Siding is the second standard grade of White 
Pine Siding, and admits of a slightly greater number of the same 



character of defects as in White Pine "B" and Better Siding, and in 
addition slisfht shake or checks. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 4 to 20 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Beveled 

Siding is required, and is recommended for houses of the better 

class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" and Better 
Siding. 



44 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

"D"-WHITE PINE 
ILLUSTRATING 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine "D" Siding will admit of considerable shake, season 
checks and stained sap. With or without either of these defects a 
piece may have a number of small knots well scattered over the face. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Beveled Siding is the third standard grade of White 
Pine Siding and admits of marked shake, stain, wane and knots. 



BEVELED SIDING 

6-INCH WIDTHS 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 4 to 20 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable White Pine Beveled Siding 
when applied with judgment and kept well painted, and is recom- 
mended only for houses of moderate or low cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 to $9.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Siding. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



45 




Wil^-i 



%■ 



SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'E"-WHITE PINE 

ILLUSTRATING 



I. 



2. 



"E" White Pine Beveled Siding is the lowest recognized grade of 
White Pine Beveled Siding and will admit of stain, knot and shake 
defects not admissible in White Pine "D" Siding. 
Many pieces showing seriously defective mill work are found in 
this grade. 



SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "E" Beveled Siding is the fourth or lowest standard grade 
of White Pine Siding. 



BEVELED SIDING 

6-INCH WIDTHS 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 4 to 20 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest of construction, but will give 
fair service if somewhat cut to waste and kept well painted. Is 
recommended only for houses of the very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Siding. 



46 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

"B" AND BETTER-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. White Pine "B" and Better Flooring shall consist of "B" Flooring 



grade and all the better product of the stock. 
2. White Pine "B" and Better Flooring will admit of any amount of 
white sap, or two or three knots from a quarter to half an inch in 
diameter. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" and Better Flooring is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Flooring, and combines under one grade White 
Pine "A" Flooring and White Pine "B" Flooring, which two grades 
are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one grade of 



White Pine "B" and Better Flooring, but White Pine "A" Flooring 
and White Pine "B" Flooring can be purchased separately on special 
requisition. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the very highest type of White Pine Flooring 

is required, and is recommended for houses of the very highest 

class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



The grades of White Pine "A" Flooring and White Pine "B" Flooring are ordinarily grouped and sold together 
under the one grade of White Pine "B" and Better Flooring, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



47 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'C"-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



White Pine "C" Flooring will admit of bright sap face, or two knots 
one inch in diameter, or three to five knots one-half inch or less in 
diameter, but not a combination of these defects, unless of a decidedly 
less amount, and must be practically free from shake. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Flooring is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Flooring, it being a bright sap and small-knotted type practically free 
from shake. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Flooring 
is required, and is recommended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$15.00 to $20.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" and 
Better Flooring. 



48 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'D"-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Flooring is a grade between No. i White Pine 
Fencing Dressed and Matched and White Pine "C" Flooring, and 
will admit in a general way the imperfections of both grades. 

2. In a knotty type the knots must be smaller and fewer in number 
than in No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, and may be either red 
or black. 

3. Medium stain covering entire face is allowed, or tight local shake, 
or season checks equal to shake defects. 

4. Defects requiring one cut not to exceed four inches of waste are 
allowed in high line pieces twelve feet long and longer. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Flooring is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Flooring, and while fairly smooth in appearance, carries serious de- 
fects in small knots, shake, stain, wane, etc. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lO, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonable service for inside flooring, but only where 
carpet or other complete floor covering is to be used, and is recom- 
mended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Flooring. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



49 



FARMERS' CLEAR WHITE PINE FLOORING 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. Farmers' Clear White Pine Flooring is of a practically clear ap- 
pearance. 

2. The knotty defects shall not exceed that of a "C" White Pine 
Flooring. 

3. The leading defect is shake, which may be scattered over the face 
of the strip. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

Farmers' Clear White Pine Flooring is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Flooring. Purposely is this grade not shown by photo- 
graphic reproduction, as its predominating defect is shake, one of the 
most serious defects in lumber. Shake cannot be clearly reproduced 
by photograph, and the practically clear general appearance of Farm- 
ers' Clear White Pine Flooring if shown would therefore only be mis- 
leading. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 



Length 



6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Cannot be recommended for any use where real service is required, 
excepting possibly for a completely carpeted or covered floor in 
houses of the cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$ro.oo to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Flooring, 
or practically the same price as White Pine "D" Flooring. 



Photographic reproduction of this grade is purposely omitted as it could only be misleading. 



50 


NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 






^^^^^^ 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ■ ^^^^ 


' -■■«•■■'-*■ 



-^ 



0^ 



mJL 



SCA-LE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



3- 



No. I White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular 
grade of No. i White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and in- 
cludes all sound, tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, 
free from very large coarse knots, or any imperfections that will 
weaken the piece. 

This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use ex- 
cept finishing purposes. 

Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Fencing Flooring is the fifth standard grade of 
White Pine Flooring, and is a sound, red or black tight-knotted type, 



no coarse knots being admissible, 
blue sap and very slight shake. 



and allowing very 



slight 



colored 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a small sound-knotted type of outside porch flooring, 
also for carpeted or completely covered inside flooring, in both 
cases where exacting service rather than appearance is desired, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. Also 
suitable where the most exacting service is required for lining lum- 
ber, or where it is to be covered with other material, and when so 
used is recommended for houses of the very highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$1.00 to $3.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Flooring. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



51 




7»^ 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 2-WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 
ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



No. 2 White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular grade of 
No. 2 White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and is subject to the 
same general inspection as No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, ex- 
cept that coarser and larger knots, not in every case necessarily sound 
though usually so, more blue stained sap and shake, also in occasional 
pieces slight traces of firm red rot, or a few worm holes, are allowed. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Fencing Flooring is the sixth standard grade of 
White Pine Flooring, admitting of slightly coarser and larger knots 
than in No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, knots being not in every 
case necessarily sound thotigh usually so, and a slightly increased 
amount of stained sap and shake, also in occasional pieces slight traces 
of firm red rot, or a few worm holes. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 



Length 



6, 8, 10, 12, 14,16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a coarse but sound-knotted grade of carpeted or com- 
pletely covered inside floor where only ordinary service is required, 
and when so used is recommended only for houses of the very 
cheapest class. Also for lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub-floors, 
roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other material, 
and when so used is recommended for houses of the highest class. 
Also for Cellar Partitions, Coal Bins, etc. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Fencing 
Dressed & Matched. 



52 



NORTHERN. PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 





€> 



€> 




o 



t^- 



o 



SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3-WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



No. 3 White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular grade of 
No. 3 White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and may contain 
coarse knots, an occasional knot hole, splits, wane, worm holes, streaks 
of red rot, and a great deal of shake, but not a serious combination 
of these defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing Flooring is the seventh or lowest standard 
grade of White Pine Flooring, no further explanation being attempted 
than the above fully detailed description of this grade. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other ma- 
terial, and when so used is recommended for houses of the better 
class. Also for coal bins, cellar partitions, etc. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 to $9.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Fencing, 
Dressed & Matched. 



This page remains blank that the de- 
sired relationship between right and 
left pages to follow may be maintained. 



54 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 1 -WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

No. 1 -WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



I. 



No. I White Pine Shiplap— No. i White Pine Grooved Roofing— 
and No. i White Pine Dressed & Matched stock, admits of all 
sound, tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, free from 
very large coarse knots, or any imperfections that will weaken the 
piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use ex- 

cept finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Shiplap— No. i White Pine Grooved Roofing— and 
No. I White Pine Dressed & Matched stock, is the first or highest 
standard grade in White Pine Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, and wide 
Dressed & Matched stock, being in each case made from No. i White 



Pine Common Boards, and is a sound board type, characterized by 
numerous medium sized knots, none of which are unsound or loose. 
Small amount of stain and shake is admissible, but not to affect the 
general utility of the piece. 



STOCK SIZES 



Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



I inch. 

8 or 10 inches. 

6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 



1.6, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

No. I White Pine Shiplap or No. i White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is suitable where the most exacting service is required for 
lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with other material, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of the very highest class. 
Also suitable for exacting service in Grooved Roofing, being the 
highest of two standard White Pine Grooved Roofing grades. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



55 




■"Ewr 



-^ 



,.s> 



IT 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2- 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 2-WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

No. 2-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. No. 2 White Pine Shiplap — No. 2 White Pine Grooved Roofing — 
and No. 2 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock, is in each case 
subject to the same general inspection as No. i, except that coarser 
and larger knots, not necessarily sound, more stained sap and 
shake, are allowed. "V" and coarse-limb knots, heart shake, or 
slight trace of rot when firm, or occasional worm holes, are de- 
fects admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Shiplap— No. 2 White Pine Grooved Roofing— and 
No. 2 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock, is the second standard 
grade in White Pine Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, and wide Dressed & 
Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 2 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards, and is of the same general description as No. i, except 
that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily sound though usually 
so. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 2 White Pine Shiplap and No. 2 White Pine Dressed & 
Matched stock is suitable where a very highly serviceable lining 
lumber is desired, or where its slightly coarse appearance is not 
objectionable when later to be covered with other material, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of the better class. Also 
suitable for reasonable service in Grooved Roofing, being the low- 
est of two standard White Pine Grooved Roofing grades. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i. 



56 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOQATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3-WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 



No. 3-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 



ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 
DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Shiplap and No. 3 
White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is coarse, admitting : 

2. Large loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 

4. A great deal of shake. 

5. Some red rot. 

6. Large worm holes. 

7. Any amount of blue sap. 

8. Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is 
admissible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



Pine Common Boards, and is a coarse grade of Common Lumber, 
admitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in serious 
combination, including loose knots and consequent knot holes. Too 
low in grade for Grooved Roofing. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



Length 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Shiplap and No. 3 White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is the third standard grade in White Pine Shiplap and wide 
Dressed & Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 3 White 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., where it 
is to be covered with other material, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of moderate cost. This grade allowing of knot 
holes does not permit of its use for Grooved Roofing. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



57 





O-'.. 



#' 






ja 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

No. 4-WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 4-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Ship- 
lap and No. 4 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is red rot. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, or 
several knot holes, or pieces that are extremely coarse-knotted, 
waney, shaky, or badly split. 

3. Pieces when extremely cross checked are admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Shiplap and No. 4 White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock, is the fourth or lowest standard grade in White Pine Shiplap, 
and wide Dressed & Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 
4 White Pine Common Boards, and is characterized to a large extent 
by red rot and large knots. May contain large worm holes, knot 
holes, or extremely coarse knots, wane, shake, and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the lowest grade of sheathing, roof boards, sub- 
floors, etc., where it is to be covered with other material, and when 
so used is recommended only for houses of the very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$1.00 to $3.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3. 



58 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Fin- 
ishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by 
various defects and combinations of defects, in a greater or less de- 
gree according to the grade. 

1. No. I White Pine Common Boards include all sound, tight-knotted 
stock, whether red or black knots, free from very large, coarse 
knots, or any imperfections that will weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Common Boards is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber, other than the somewhat spe- 
cial grade of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards, and is a sound 



board type characterized by numerous knots, none of which are large, 
unsound or loose. Very small amount of stain and shake is admissi- 
ble, but not to affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a board with frequent medium-sized but 
sound and firmly set knots can be used and exacting service is re- 
quired. For Barn Siding is a high and most serviceable grade. 
Is sometimes used for coarse exterior finish in houses of very low 
cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$7.00 to $9.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select in 
12-inch widths. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



59 





SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Fin- 
ishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by 
various defects and combinations of defects, in a greater or less de- 
gree according to the grade. 

1. No. I White Pine Common Boards includes all sound, tight-knotted 
stock, whether red or black knots, free from very large, coarse 
knots, or any imperfections that will weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake, are 
admissible, if they do not afifect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Common Boards is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber, other than the somewhat spe- 
cial grade of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards, and is a sound 
board type characterized by numerous knots, none of which are 
large, unsound or loose. Very small amount of stain and shake is 
admissible, but not to affect the general utility of the piece. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a board with frequent medium-sized but 
sound and firmly set knots can be used and exacting service is re- 
quired, including highest quality in lining lumber after being 
worked to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock. Also makes a 
high and most serviceable grade of Barn Siding and Grooved Roof- 
ing. Is further highly serviceable for Drop Siding and for low 
quality of Flooring. Is sometimes used for coarse exterior finish in 
houses of very low cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select in 
8 and lO-inch widths. 



60 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 2-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Fin- 
ishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by 
various defects and combinations of defects, in a greater or less de- 
gree according to the grade. 

I. No. 2 White Pine Common Boards are subject to the same general 
inspection as No. i, except that coarser and larger knots, not nec- 
essarily sound, more stained sap and shake, are allowed. "V" and 
coarse limb knots, heart shake, or slight traces of rot when firm, 
or occasional worm holes, are defects admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Common Boards is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is of the same general description 
as No. I, except that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily 
sound though usually so. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a coarse, heavily and not necessarily 
sound-knotted board can be used and service rather than appear- 
ance is desired. Makes a good grade of Barn Siding and a medium 
grade of Grooved Roofing. Is also a highly serviceable lining lum- 
ber where it is to be covered as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, 
etc., and when so used is recommended for houses of the better 
class. Is sometimes used for the very coarsest of exterior finish in 
houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



61 




TT" 



l\ 



Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Fin- 
ishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by vari- 
ous defects, and combinations of defects, in a greater or less degree 
according to the grade. 

I. No. 2 White Pine Common Boards are subject to the same general 
inspection as No. i, except that coarser and larger knots, not nec- 
essarily sound, more stained sap and shake, are allowed. "V" and 
coarse limb knots, heart shake, or slight traces of rot when firm, 
or occasional worm holes, are defects admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No 2 White Pine Common Boards is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is of the same general description 
as No. I, except that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily 
sound, though usually so. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, lo, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for any use where a coarse, heavily and not necessarily 
sound-knotted board can be used and service rather than appear- 
ance is desired. Makes a good quality of Barn Siding and medium 
grade of Grooved Roofing, Drop Siding, Tight Board Fence, etc. 
Is also a highly serviceable lining lumber where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after being worked 
to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock, and when so used is rec- 
ommended for houses of the better class. Also suitable for a very 
low, coarse grade of Flooring and Ceiling, and for the very coarsest 
of exterior finish in houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 



62 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



N0.3-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is 



2. 
3- 

4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 



coarse, admitting : 

Large loose or unsound knots. 

An occasional knot hole. 

A great deal of shake. 

Some red rot. 

Large worm holes. 



Any amount of blue sap. 
8. Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is 
admissible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is the third standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is a coarse large-knotted type, 



admitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in serious 
combination. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider, or in mixed 

widths 4 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., and 
when so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine 
Common Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



63 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. The general appearance of No. 



No. 3-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



3 White Pine Common Boards is 



coarse, admitting : 

2. Large loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 

4. A great deal of shake. 

5. Some red rot. 

6. Large worm holes. 

7. Any amount of blue sap. 

8. Not a serious combination of these defects 
admissible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



W 



m any one piece is 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is the third standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is a coarse large-knotted type, ad- 
mitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in serious com- 
bination. 



STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i inch. 
Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider, or in mixed 

widths 4 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after 
being worked to Shiplap, or Dressed & Matched stock, and when 
so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Common 
Boards in 8 and lo-inch widths. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine 
Common Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired. 



64 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 
I. 



No. 4-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards is red rot. 

Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, or 
several knot holes, or pieces that are extremely coarse knotted, 
waney, shaky, or badly split. 

Pieces when extremely cross checked are admissible in this grade. 
For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Common Boards is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is characterized to a large extent 
by red rot and extremely large knots. May contain large worm holes, 
extremely coarse and unsound knots, knot holes, wane, shake, and 
splits. 



In practice, most all manufacturers pile 
Common Boards together, but same can be 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider, or in specified widths 

of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for very cheap lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other ma- 
terial, and when so used is recommended only for houses of the 
very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25: 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $4.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 

and sell all widths of No. 4 White Pine 
purchased separately in any width desired. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



65 






o 



€y 



SCALE: 1 Inch to i Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 4-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 
STOCK SIZES 



1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards is red rot. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, or 
several knot holes, or pieces that are extremely coarse knotted, 
waney, shaky, or badly split. 

3. Pieces when extremely cross checked are admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Common Boards is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is characterized to a large extent 
by red rot and extremely large knots. May contain large worm holes, 
extremely coarse and unsound knots, knot holes, wane, shake, and 
splits. 



Thickness 
Width . 



Length 



I inch. 

Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider, or in specified widths 

of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for very cheap lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other ma- 
terial, or after being worked into Shiplap or Dressed & Matched 
stock, and when so used is recommended only for houses of the 
very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$1.00 to $3.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Common 
Boards in 8 and lo-inch widths. 



In practice, most all manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 4 White Pine 
Common Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired. 



66 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 





9'^masmm 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 5-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 5 White Pine Common Boards is the lowest recognized grade and 
admits of all defects known in lumber, provided the piece is strong 
enough to hold together when carefully handled. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 5 White Pine Common Boards is the fifth or lowest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber. 



STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 6 feet and longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest of sheathing Or lining lumber, 

but not recommended for other than temporary work. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 4 White Pine Common 
IBoards. 



In practice, all manufacturers pile and sell all widths and lengths of No. 5 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards together, and for convenience only are 12-inch widths above illustrated. 



This page remains blank that the de- 
sired relationship between right and 
left pages to follow may be maintained. 



68 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



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SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE FENCING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Fencing includes all sound, tight-knotted stock, 
whether red or black knots, free from very large coarse knots, or 
any imperfections that will weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use 
except finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Fencing is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, and 
is a sound red or black tight-knotted type, no coarse knots being ad- 
missible, and allowing very slight colored blue sap, and very slight 
shake. 



STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable Drop Siding, Ridge Boards, Win- 
dow or Door Jambs, etc., in houses of moderate cost, or for any out- 
side use where exacting service is required and its somewhat coarse 
small-knotted appearance is not objectionable. Also suitable where 
' the most exacting service is required for lining lumber, or where it 
is to be covered with other material, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of the very highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 to $4.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



69 



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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2-WHITE PINE FENCING 
ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 2 White Pine Fencing is subject to the same general inspection as 
No. I White Pine Fencing, except that coarser and larger knots, not 
necessarily in every case sound though usually so, more blue stained 
sap and shake, also in occasional pieces slight traces of firm red rot, 
or few worm holes, are allowed. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Fencing is the second standard grade of White 
Pine Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, admitting 
of slightly coarser though sound knots than No. i White Pine Fenc- 
ing, knots being not in every case necessarily sound though usually 
so, and a slightly increased amount of blue stained sap and shake, 
also in occasional pieces slight traces of firm red rot, or a few worm 
holes. 



STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a most highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheath- 
ing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with 
other material, and when so used is recommended for houses of the 
highest class. Also for reasonably serviceable Drop Siding, Win- 
dow or Door Jambs, etc., in houses of the cheaper class, and for 
Tight Board Fence, Cellar Partitions, Coal Bins, etc. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Fencing. 



70 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




^ • 




O 



o 



'« 



Q 



O 



.^■ 



SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3-WHITE 

ILLUSTRATING 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing may contain coarse knots, an occasional 
knot hole, splits, wane, worm holes, streaks of red rot, and a great 
deal of shake, but not a serious combination of these defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths. No further ex- 
planation is attempted than the above fully detailed description of this 
grade. 



PINE FENCING 

6-INCH WIDTHS 

STOCK SIZES 
Thickness j inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other ma- 
terial, and when so used is recommended for houses of the better 
class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Fencing. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



71 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 4-WHITE PINE FENCING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 





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'-'*it:^^,.fe:,..;l^ 


mmm 


mmmm 


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1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Fencing 
is red rot. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, or 
several knot holes, or pieces that are extremely coarse knotted, 
waney, shaky, or badly split. 

3. Pieces when extremely cross checked are admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Fencing is the fourth or lowest standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, and 
is characterized to a large extent by red rot and large knots. May 
contain large worm holes, coarse and unsound knots, knot holes, wane, 
shake and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 



Suitable only for very coarse though reasonably serviceable sheath- 
ing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or only where it is to be covered 
with other material, and when so used is recommended for houses 
of moderate or low cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$2.00 to $3.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Fencing. 



72 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION, FRAMING LUMBER AND TIMBERS 
No. 1 -WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Dimension and Timbers must be of a good, 
sound character, but will admit of defects that do not impair the 
strength of the piece. 

2. Using the narrower type, or 2 x 4 as a basis, wane on edge is ad- 
missible, one-half inch deep, for half the length, or a proportionate 
amount for a shorter distance or on both edges. In any case, one 
side and two edges should allow a good nailing surface, it being 
understood, however, that the wane shall in no case extend over 
one-half the side of the piece. 

3. A few worm holes are admissible. 

4. Stained sap is not considered a defect. 

5. Timbers and 3-inch plank admit proportionately greater defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Dimension and Timbers is the first or highest stan- 



dard grade of White Pine Framing Lumber, and admits of such de 
f ects as do not impair the strength of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES " 

Thickness 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 feet, or longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for first-class framing purposes in houses of the very high- 
est class and where the maximum of service is required. On ac- 
count of staying perfectly in place after once being fitted, without 
warping or twisting, White Pine Studding are particularly recom- 
mended in avoiding sprung door and window frames, and the con- 
sequent binding and sticking of doors and windows. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



No. 2-WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

I. No. 2 White Pine Dimension and Timbers will admit of large, 
coarse knots, not necessarily sound, considerable wane, also shake, 
worm holes, red, dozy streaks, crooked pieces, or other defects 
which weaken or impair the piece to such an extent as to render 
it unfit for No. i grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Dimension and Timbers is the second standard 
grade of White Pine framing lumber, admitting of defects which 
somewhat weaken or impair the strength of the piece. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 feet, or longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable framing lumber in houses of 

moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Dimension and 
Timbers. 



As strength is the dominating characteristic in No. 1 and No. 2 White Pine Dimension and Timbers, 
illustrations of these grades are omitted, as they could be of little service in determining quality. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



73 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION, FRAMING LUMBER AND TIMBERS— (Continued) 

No. 3-WHITE PINE DIMENSION 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 3 White Pine Dimension will admit of a great deal of rot and all 
the imperfections allowed in No. i and No. 2, but in a much more 
pronounced form. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Dimension is the third or lowest standard grade of 
White Pine Framing Lumber. Timber sizes are not included in this 
grade. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for only the very lowest grade of framing lumber in the 

very cheapest of houses. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Dimension and 
Timbers. 



WHITE PINE TANK STOCK 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Tank Stock shall be of size similar to regular dimen- 
sion stock, square edged, practically free from wane and shake, 
and may have any number of sound, water-tight knots. 
White sap is no defect. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



I. 



2. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine Tank Stock is a special standard grade of White Pine 
Dimension Lumber, and is a very high quality of tight-knotted, square 
edged, water-tight stock, admitting any number of sound, water-tight 



knots, and white sap. Timber sizes are not included , in this grade, 
White Pine Tank Stock being made not more than 3 inches in thick- 
ness. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 2 or 3 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Primarily intended for water tank purposes, and particularly suit- 
able for water tanks when used in residences. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



White Pine Tank Stock is a special grade, being selected pieces from the highest type 
of No. 1 White Pine Dimension, selected to meet the grade as above described. Photo- 
graphic reproduction is omitted, as it could be of little service in determining quality. 



74 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION, FRAMING LUMBER AND TlMBERS-(Concluded) 



WHITE PINE SELECT COMMON 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



6. 



White Pine Select Common shall be of sizes similar to regular 
dimension and timber stock, and of a smooth common appearance 
on the face side. 

White sap shall not be considered a defect in this grade. 
A slight amount of stain is admissible on the face, and any amount 
of sound, stained sap on the back. 

A small amount of shake may show on the face when not in com- 
bination with other marked defects. 

Any quantity of small sound knots, red or black, that do not give 
too coarse an appearance to the piece, are admissible. 
The face of piece should be practically free from wane, while the 
back may show a moderate amount, as well as other defects. 
For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine Select Common is a special standard grade of White Pine 
Dimension Lumber, is similar to but a slightly lower grade than White 
Pine Tank Stock, and is the best or high line type selected out of No. 
I White Pine Dimension and Timbers. Both Dimension and Timber 
sizes are included in this grade. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 feet, or longer. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any purpose where a slightly higher grade of framing 
lumber than No. i White Pine Dimension and Timbers is desired. 
Particularly suitable for outside door frames, door and window 
sills, etc., in houses of moderate cost where 2-inch stock is desired, 
but is purposely omitted from "Classified Recommended Uses" on 
account of being made only in 2-inch and thicker sizes and there- 
fore does not adapt itself where i^, ij^ and 2-inch stock is re- 
quired. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$2.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine Tank Stock. 



White Pine Select Common is a special grade, being selected pieces from the highest type of 
No. 1 White Pine Dimension and Timbers, selected to meet the grade as above described. 
Photographic reproduction is omitted as it could be of little service in determining quality. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



75 



WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER 
No. 1-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER-I14, II/2 AND2INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Thick Common Lumber as distinguished from 
Thick Finishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, 
caused by various defects and combinations of defects in a greater or 
less degree according to the grade. 

1. No. I White Pine Thick Common Lumber shall include all sound, 
tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, free from very 
large, coarse knots, or any imperfections that will weaken the 
piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, medium colored blue sap, or a small amount of shake, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the first or highest stand- 
ard grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is a sound type 
characterized by numerous knots, none of which are large, unsound 



or loose. Very small amount of stain and shake is admissible, but not 
to affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i%, i}^, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. I White Pine Thick Common Lumber, being identical in grade 
with inch No. i White Pine Common Boards, suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. I White Pine Common Boards grade. Suitable for medium or 
low grade of thick outside finish, outside door frames, door and win- 
dow sills, porch steps, etc., and when so used is recommended for 
houses of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select. 



No. 2- WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- 1|4, VA and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Thick Common Lumber as distinguished from 
Thick Finishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused 
by various defects and combinations of defects, in a greater or less 
degree according to the grade. 

I. No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is subject to the same 
general inspection as No. i, except that coarser and larger knots, 
not necessarily sound, more stained sap and shake are allowed. 
"V" and coarse limb knots, heart shake, or slight traces of rot 
when firm, or occasional worm holes, are defects admissible in 
this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the second standard 
grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is of the same gen- 
eral description as No. i, except that knots are larger and coarser, not 
necessarily sound though usually so. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness iJ4> lyi, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, lO, 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber, being identical in grade 
with inch No. 2 White Pine Common Boards, suggests its use 
where lumber thicker. than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 2 White Pine Common Boards grade. Suitable for a very low 
grade of thick outside finish, outside door frames, door and window 
sills, porch steps, etc., and when so used is recommended only for 
houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



Photographic reproductions are omitted covering the above two grades, but if desired, reference is made to the exactly similar 
No. 1 White Pine Common Boards grade and No. 2 White Pine Common Boards grade as illustrated on pages 58, 59, 60 and 61. 



76 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER— (Continued) 
N0.3-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- 1 14, 1 1/2 and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The general appearance of No. 
Lumber is coarse, admitting : 

2. Large loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 
4. ' A great deal of shake. 

5. Some red rot. 

6. Large worm holes. 

7. Any amount of blue sap. 

8. Not a serious combination 
admissible. 



3 White Pine Thick Common 



of these defects in any one piece is 



For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the third standard grade 
of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is a coarse large-knotted 
type, admitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in seri- 
ous combination. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i}^, iy2, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, lO, 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 3 White Pine Thick Common Lumber, being identical in grade 
with Inch No. 3 White Pine Common Boards, suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 3 White Pine Common Boards grade. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



No. 4- WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- 114, 1|/2And2INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber is red rot. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, or 
several knot holes, or pieces that are extremely coarse knotted, 
waney, shaky, or badly split. 

3. Pieces when extremely cross checked are admissible in this grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the fourth standard 
grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is characterized to 
a large extent by red rot and extremely large knots. May contain 
large worm holes, extremely coarse and vmsound knots, knot holes, 
wane, shake, and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 1%, i^, or 2 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 
6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



Length 



RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 4 White Pine Thick Common Lumber, being identical in grade 
with Inch No. 4 White Pine Common Boards, suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 4 White Pine Common Boards grade. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine Thick Common together, and most all manufacturers 
pile and sell all widths of No. 4 White Pine Thick Common together, but same can be purchased in separate widths when so desired. 

Photographic reproductions are omitted covering the above two grades, but if desired, reference is made to the exactly similar No. 3 
White Pine Common Boards grade and No. 4 White Pine Common Boards grade as illustrated on pages 62, 63, 64 and 65. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



77 



WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER— (Concluded) 
No. 5-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER— 1!4, Wi and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 5 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the lowest recognized 
grade and admits of all defects known in lumber, provided the piece 
is strong enough to hold together when carefully handled. 
For General Instructions Refer to Page 31. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 5 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the fifth or lowest stand- 
ard grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i}i, i}^, or 2 inches. 

Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 6 feet and longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest of sheathing or lining lumber, 

but not recommended for other than temporary work. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 4 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



Photographic reproduction is omitted covering the above grade, but if desired, reference is 
made to the exactly similar No. 5 White Pine Common Boards grade as illustrated on page 66. 



78 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 



White Pine Factory Lumber is graded for and is valued by sash, door and 
blind factories and other like concerns for cutting-up qualities only, and 
should not be confounded, either in quality or value, with grades previously 
described. Being essentially for cutting-up purposes, it cannot be used in 
sizes as originally purchased in the regular course of building construction, 
and in cutting up, it of necessity means a considerable waste. 

All White Pine Factory Lumber shall be graded from the poor side, and 
in determining the percentages of door cutting, consideration must be 



given to the fact that each piece is to be ripped full length in such manner 
as will yield the highest grade and largest percentage of door cuttings be- 
fore cross cutting, except in such cases where it will yield a higher value 
by being first cross cut for rails. In such instances as when stock is cross 
cut for rails, where some of the stock so obtained is too poor for either No. 
1 or No. 2 rails, and which yet contains stiles or muntins, or top rails, which 
can be obtained by ripping this cross-cut stock, the door cuttings so obtained 
shall be figured in, when determining percentages. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GRADE OF WHITE PINE FACTORY 
LUMBER 

1. Grades as described under this head are valued for cUtting-up 
qualities only, and should not be confounded, either in quality or 
value, vi^ith grades outlined in another part of this book for yard 
purposes. 

2. White Pine Factory lumber of all kinds, better than No. 3 White 
Pine Shop, shall be graded for the percentage of so-called Door 
Cuttings that can be obtained. 



Two grades of Door Cuttings only shall be recognized, and are to 

be known as No. i and No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings. 

The only defect admissible in No. i White Pine Door Cuttings is 

white sap. 

The grade of No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings will admit of one 

defect only in any one piece. This may be a small knot of sound 

character, not to exceed five-eighths of an inch in diameter, or the 

defect may be slightly stained sap, which does not extend over 

more than one-half the surface of the piece on one side. 



WHITE PINE FACTORY 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Factory "A" Select and Better is the first or highest stand- 
ard White Pine Factory Lumber grade in one-inch and thicker stock, 
and shall consist of all lumber cutting more than 90% of No. i White 
Pine Door Cuttings of the sizes specified as admissible in No. i White 
Pine Shop Common. 



A" SELECT AND BETTER- 
STOCK SIZES 



1, V/4, V/z AND 2 INCH 



Thickness i, i^, 13^, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE FACTORY 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Factory "B" Select is the second standard White Pine 
Factory Lumber grade in one-incH and thicker stock, and shall con- 
tain from 80% to 90% of No. i White Pine Door Cuttings in the sizes 
specified as admissible in No. i White Pine Shop Common. 



B" SELECT- 1, 1|4, V/z AND 2 INCH 

STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i, i}i, ij^, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



Photographic reproductions of above factory grades are omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



79 



WHITE Pine factory LUMBER-(Continued) 
WHITE PINE FACTORY "C" SELECT- 1, V/4, IK2 and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Factory "C" Select is the third standard White Pine Fac- 
tory Lumber grade in one-inch and thicker stock, and shall contain 
70% to 80% of No. I White Pine Door Cuttings in the sizes specified 
as admissible in No. i White Pine Shop Common. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i}^, 1^2, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width , Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE No. 1 SHOP COMMON- 1!4, IK2 and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The sizes and grades of cuttings admissible in No. i White Pine Shop 
Common, which is the fourth standard White Pine Factory Lumber 
grade in 1^4 inch and thicker stock, and are as follows : 

1. No. I Stiles, in width 5^ or 6 inches, and in length from 6 feet 8 
inches to 7 feet 6 inches. 

2. No. I Rails, 9 or 10 inches wide and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet 
in length. 

3. No. I Muntins, S/i inches wide and from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 
in length. 

4. Any number of pieces of either the Stiles or Rails mentioned above 
are admissible in the grade of No. i White Pine Shop Common, 



but only two Muntins of the size mentioned above shall be con- 
sidered, and one No. 2 Door Stile may also be considered, in secur- 
ing the required percentage of cuttings in any given plank. 
5. Each plank of No. i White Pine Shop Common shall contain not 
less than 50 per cent., nor more than 70 per cent., of Door Cut- 
tings of the sizes and grades above mentioned. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness ij^, ij^, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE No. 2 SHOP COMMON- 1 14, IK2 and2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



I. 



2. 



The sizes and grades of cuttings admissible in No. 2 White Pine Shop 
Common, which is the fifth standard White Pine Factory Lumber 
grade in i}^ inch and thicker stock, and are as follows: 

Stiles in width 5^4 inches or 6 inches and from 6 feet 8 inches to 
7 feet 6 inches in length. 

Rails 9 or lo inches in width and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet in 
length. 

Top Rails 5J4 inches wide and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet in 
length. Top rails must, however, be of No. i Door Cuttings qual- 
ity, but figured as No. 2 Door Cuttings. 

Muntins 5J4 inches wide and from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet in 
length. 



5. Any number of cuttings of any one of the above sizes are admissi- 
ble in the grade of No. 2 White Pine Shop Common. 

6. Each plank of No. 2 White Pine Shop Common shall contain 
either one of the following: At least 25% of No. i Door Cuttings, 
or not less than 40% of all No. 2 Door Cuttings, or not less than 
33%% of No. I and No. 2 Door Cuttings combined. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i}i, i^, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



Photographic reproductions of above factory grades are omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



80 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER— (Concluded) 
WHITE PINE No. 3 SHOP COMMON-I14, 1/2 and 2 INCH 




DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3 White Pine Shop Common is the sixth standard White Pine 
Factory Lumber grade in i^^-inch and thicker stock, and will admit 
all below the grade described as No. 2 White Pine Shop Common ; 
that is, of a cutting-up type and suitable for sash, door, or other 
cutting-up purposes. 



STOCK SIZES 



iVa, 



lYi, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 



Thickness 

Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE SHOP COMMON- 1 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

One-inch White Pine Shop Common is the one and only standard 
grade of inch White Pine Shop Common in White Pine Factory 
Lumber, and is described as follows : 

1. There shall be only one grade of Inch White Pine Shop Common. 

2. Cuttings shall be 9^ inches wide or wider, and 18 inches long or 
longer, or 5 inches wide or wider, and 3 feet long or longer. 

3. Cuttings 9^ inches wide or wider, and less than 3 feet long, shall 
be free from defects on both sides, except white sap. 



4- 



Cuttings 



5 inches wide or wider and 3 feet long or longer shall- 
have a "C" Select or Better face. 
5. Each piece of Inch White Pine Shop Common shall contain 
50% or more of any one cutting, or combination of cuttings, de- 
scribed in the foregoing rules for this grade. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE SHORT BOX 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Short Box is a special standard grade of Short White Pine 
Factory Lumber, and shall include lumber i, 1^4 and 2 inches in 
thickness, 12 to 47 inches long, inclusive, 3 inches and wider, and No. 
4 and Better. For special uses, economy through the utilization of 
this grade of short lumber is constantly becoming more apparent, as 
short lengths can frequently be used to advantage as against cutting 
up higher priced longer lengths. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness Mixed thicknesses, i, ij4. i/^> and 2 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 3 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 12 to 47 inches inclusive. 
Grade is ordinarily sold by weight. 



Short Box 



Photographic reproductions of above factory grades are omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



NORTHERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



81 



No. 1 WHITE PINE LATH 



Owing to the rapidity with which Lath are manufactured and necessarily 
handled in grading, the misplacement of an occasional piece is practically 
unavoidable. For this reason a variation of ten per cent, or less off grade 
is provided for in these rules. This provision is intended to cover acci- 
dentally misplaced pieces only, and every reasonable effort should be made 
to have the grades conform to the specifications without regard to this per- 
centage provided for misplaced pieces. 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Lath is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Lath, and shall be butted to not less than thirty-one and 
three-fourths inches or forty-seven and three- fourths inches long ; 
not more than one-eighth of an inch scant of one and one-half of 
an inch wide ; and not more than one-sixteenth of an inch scant of 
three-eighths of an inch thick ; and of sound material. 

2. Will admit wane one-third the thickness and one-third the width 
for one-third the length on one side of the piece or its equivalent 
otherwise located when not in combination with other serious de- 
fects. 

3. Any number of pin knots, three or four three-quarter-inch knots 
well scattered, or more smaller knots, all well set, firm and sound. 



5- 
6. 



7- 



that do not weaken the piece, are admissible in a four-foot, and a 

proportionately less amount in a thirty-two-inch No. i White Pine 

Lath. 

Firm, fine shake, extending over one-half the surface of the piece, 

that does not materially impair its strength, is admissible when not 

in serious combination with other defects. 

A few worm holes in an otherwise sound piece are admissible. 

Stain shall not be considered a defect, although mould that has 

caused the surface of the piece to decay or scale ofif, is a defect not 

admissible in this grade. 

Ten per cent, or less of No. 2 Lath shall be allowed in this grade. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for all classes of houses and particularly recommended as 
being superior to all other kinds of lath, avoiding expansion and 
contraction and consequent cracking of plaster, also avoiding stain 
coming through the plaster. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



No. 1 MIXED LATH and No. 2 LATH (not all White Pine) 



No. I Mixed Lath and No. 2 Lath are not here described for the reason 
that these two grades as manufactured under the grading rules of the 
Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association are not all White Pine,— 
Norway Pine, Jack Pine, Spruce, Balsam and Tamarack being included, 
and for this reason No. 2 White Pine Lath would not be procurable if 
so specified. No. i Mixed Lath and No. 2 Lath are, however, very 
serviceable where the lowest possible cost must be given first consid- 
eration in buildinsf. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for houses of medium or low cost and recommended as rea- 
sonably serviceable. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 25. 



WHITE PINE MOULDINGS 

White Pine Mouldings, while not listed or described in the Northern 
Pine Manufacturers' Association Grading Rules, are of a grade practi- 
cally free from defect, and are procurable in all patterns and sizes, — and 
if not in stock, can be specially manufactured on order. 



WHITE PINE SHINGLES 

Practically no White Pine Shingles are now manufactured in Minne- 
sota, Wisconsin and Michigan, and therefore no attempt is here made 
to describe the grades applying thereto. 



Section II 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE 

CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE WHITE PINE GRADING RULES OF 

THE WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

AND 

WHITE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES OF THE WESTERN 
PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION WHICH COVER THE 

PRODUCT OF IDAHO 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION 

UNDER 

THE WHITE PINE GRADING RULES OF THE 
WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

WHICH COVER THE PRODUCT OF IDAHO 

Being Divided, for Purposes of Interpretation, into Three Classes, 
Covering Respectively Houses of High, Medium, and Low Cost. 

TO AVOID SUBSTITUTION— WHITE PINE from Idaho, when desired, should always be so specified, and to insure its being 
correctly described, either the name "Idaho White Pine" or the botanical name, "Pinus Monticola," should always be used. 

WHITE PINE— while the wood par excellence for all construction work TN COMPILING the following "Classified Recommended Uses for White 
— is especially recommended for all outside uses of every nature * Pine in House Construction" it has not been the intent to draw definite 
where exposure to the weather or dampness is the test,— including sash, and arbitrary lines, but rather to indicate reasonable limits for average con- 
doors and blinds. Also for inside doors and door frames, all inside finish ditions. It will be readily understood that one builder may produce better 
and especially enameled work, flooring and ceiling lumber, stairs, kitchen work with the same grades of material than another, and much of the qual- 
cupboards, pantry and closet shelving, flour bins, kitchen cabinets, etc., etc., ity in building construction depends on the good or poor judgment exercised 
and for lath. White Pine is not urged and is limited in its use for general in properly utilizing the material furnished to the best advantage. Class 1 
framing purposes as against other perhaps almost equal and lower cost and Class 2 alone cover the range of grades recommended for ordinary 
structural woods, but as it does not warp or twist, shrink or swell, when architectural use. Class 3 is too low in grade to ordinarily warrant the 
once in place, it is particularly recommended for studding in avoiding employment of an architect, but is used in an endeavor to more distinctly 
springing or buckling of door and window frames and consequent sticking define the necessarily somewhat indefinite dividing Hne between high, me- 
and binding of doors and windows, cracking of plaster, etc. dium, and low grades, in White Pine lumber. 

Class l. Houses of the highest grade where Quality is. first and Cost a secondary consideration. 
Class 2. Houses of medium grade where Quality and Cost are being equally considered. 
Class 3. Houses of cheap construction where Cost is first and Quality a secondary consideration. 

SILLS AND POSTS BOX SILLS JOIST 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 



■86 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



FLOOR LININGS OR SUB-FLOORS 

Class 1. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards- 
Surfaced. 



Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards- 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards. 



Surfaced, 



CORNICE 

Class 1. 

Class 2. 



Class 3. 



-In One Inch. 

-In l|/4 Inch or Thicker. 



-In One Inch. 



White Pine "C" Select or Better- 
White Pine "C" Select or Better- 
White Pine "D" Stock; 
or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards- 
White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 
No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— -In One Inch. 
White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In n/4 Inch or Thicker. 



STUDDING, FLOOR AND CEILING PLATES 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 
Class 3. No. I White Pine Dimension. 

RAFTERS 

Class 1 . No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 
Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Dimension. 

SHEATHING 

Class 1. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards- 
Surfaced. 

Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing— D & M; 
No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Shiplap; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards— Surfaced. 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards. 

ROOF BOARDS 

Class I. No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 2 or Better or No. 3 White Pine Fencing. 

Class 2. No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 3 or No. 4 White Pine Fencing. 

Class 3. No. 4 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 4 White Pine Fencing. 



FACIA 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better — In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards — In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In V/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1'/^ Inch or Thicker. 



SOFFIT 

Class 1. 



Class 2. 



Class 3. 



White Pine "C" Select or Better — In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Bettef— In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 

White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 

No. 1 White Pine Common Boards — In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In II/4 Inch or Thicker. 



SHINGLES 

Practically no White Pine Shingles are manufactured in Idaho, and 
therefore no attempt is here made to describe or classify them. 



RIDGE BOARDS 

Class 1 . White Pine "C" Select or Better. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select or White Pine "D" Stock. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Stock? 

No. 1 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 White Pine Fencing. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



87 



OUTSIDE BASE, CASINGS, CORNER BOARDS, ETC. 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In II/4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

PORCHES, BALCONIES, DORMERS, ETC. 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1'4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

PORCH FLOORING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "B" or Better Flooring — In 1'4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Flooring— In V/4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring— In One Inch. 

White Pine "D" Flooring— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 



PORCH CEILING 
Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Flooring- 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring— Beaded. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring— Beaded. 



-Beaded. 



OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME JAMBS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In II4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 

OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME CASINGS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In l!4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. I White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 



WINDOW FRAME JAMBS AND CASINGS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 114 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 



PORCH STEPS 

Class 1. White Pine "B" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "B" Select or Better— In I14, Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine "D" Stock— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1'4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1'4 Inch or Thicker. 



WINDOW FRAME SILLS 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 
' White Pine "C" Select; 
or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1'4' Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch. 

White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In l!4 Inch or Thicker. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



MOULDINGS 

White Pine Mouldings are not listed or described in the Western Pine 
Manufacturers' Association grading rules, therefore are not here classi- 
fied, but are of a grade practically free from defects, and are procurable 
in all patterns and sizes. 



INSIDE DOOR FRAMES 

Class 1. White Pine "C" Select or Better— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select or Better— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine "D" Select— In One Inch. 

White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine "D" Select— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Select; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards— In One Inch, 

White Pine "D" Select; 

or White Pine Thick No. 1 Common— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 

BEVELED SIDING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" or Better Siding. 
Class 2. White Pine "C" Siding. 
Class 3. White Pine "D" Siding. 

DROP SIDING, COVE SIDING, NOVELTY SIDING, GERMAN 
SIDING, RUSTIC SIDING, STONE-FACE SIDING, 8 TO 12 
INCH CLAPBOARDS, OR OTHER OUTSIDE HOUSE COV- 
ERING 

White Pine "C" Select or Better. 



Class 1. 
Class 2. 

Class 3. 



White Pine "D" Stock; 

or No. 1 White Pine Common Boards. 

No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Fencing. 



LATH 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Lath. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Lath. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Lath. 



SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS 

Sash, Doors and Blinds are the product of and are manufactured only by 
Sash, Door and Blind Factories, therefore are graded under the Grading 
Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory Associations. For 
this reason no attempt is here made to describe or classify them, and for 
detailed information as to the grades applying thereto reference is 
made to the Grading Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory 
Associations. Special reference, however, is made to the grades of No. 
1 and No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings under Factory Lumber in the 
Grading Rules of the Western Pine Manufacturers' Association on page 
134, from which No. 1 and No. 2 White Pine Doors are made. White 
Pine Window Sash and White Pine Outside Blinds are ordinarily made 
from a grade equal to that of No. 1 White Pine Door Cuttings. Special 
or higher grades in White Pine Sash, Doors and Blinds can be procured 
on special order. Idaho White Pine Sash, Doors and Blinds, when de- 
sired, should always be so specified, and for protection against substitu- 
tion either the name "Idaho White Pine" or the botanical name, "Pinus 
Monticola," should always be used. 



INSIDE FLOORING 

Class 1. White Pine "B" and Better Flooring. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Flooring. 

Class 3. White Pine "D" Flooring; 

or No. 1 White Pine Fencing Flooring. 

INTERIOR TRIM 

Class 1. White Pine "B" Select or Better. 
White Pine "C" Select. 
White Pine "D" Select; 



Class 2. 
Class 3. 



No. 1 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No. 1 White Pine Fencing. 



KITCHEN CUPBOARDS, PANTRY AND CLOSET SHELV- 
ING, FLOUR BINS, KITCHEN CABINETS, WAINSCOTING 
AND PARTITION, ETC., ETC., KITCHEN, ATTIC AND 
CELLAR STAIRS 

Class I. White Pine "C" Select or Better. 

Class 2. White Pine "C" Select; 

or White Pine "D" Select. 

Class 3. No. 1 or No. 2 White Pine Common Boards; 
or No, 1 or No. 2 White Pine Fencing. 



White Pine Standard Grading Rules 

OF THE 

Western Pine Manufacturers' Association 
Which Cover the Product of Idaho 

INCLUDING 

ILLUSTRATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS OF GRADES, GENERAL GRADE 
DISTINCTIONS, STOCK SIZES, RECOMMENDED USES, AND 
APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCES IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 



PREFACE 



The accompanying rules were adopted by the Western 
Pine Manufacturers' Association on February 2, 19 10, 
upon the recommendation of its Bureau of Grades. 

The manufacturers of Idaho White Pine have been 
for some years grading under the rules of the Northern 
Pine Manufacturers' Association and have demonstrated 
the entire practicability of grading and placing on the 
market any White Pine lumber under one set of grading 
rules. 

The rules in. this book are, accordingly, based on the 



Northern Pine Manufacturers' Association Rules, with 
such changes and modifications as appeared necessary in 
order to clearly describe the defects existing in Idaho 
White Pine, and not described in the Northern Pine Rules, 
these rules expressing, as nearly as it is possible to define 
them, the grades of White Pine lumber being made under 
the supervision of the Bureau of Grades of the Western 
Pine Manufacturers'Association and its corps of inspectors, 
and do not change in any way the standards of value 
represented by existing grades. 



90 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 
STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADES AND NOMENCLATURE 

Including Page Index 

THE following ARE THE STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADES ADOPTED BY THE WESTERN 
PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION AND THE TERMS BY WHICH THEY ARE TO BE KNOWN 



WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 
FINISHING 



PAGE 



White Pine "B" Select and 

Better 92, 93, 94, 95 

White Pine "C" Select . . . . 96, 97 

1, 1|4, 11/^ and 2 inch. 
White Pine "D" Select . . . . 98, 99 

1> 114. l'/4 and 2 inch. 
White Pine "D" Stock and Box . 100, 101 

1 inch. 

WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

White Pine "B" and Better Siding . . 102 

White Pine "C" Siding 103 

White Pine "D" Siding 104 

White Pine "E" Siding 105 

WHITE PINE FLOORING 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 

WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 



White Pine "B" and Better Flooring 


. 106 


White Pine "C" Flooring . . . 


. 107 


White Pine "D" Flooring 


. 108 


White Pine No. 1 Fencing, 




Dressed & Matched .... 


. 109 


White Pine No. 2 Fencing, 




Dressed & Matched .... 


. 110 


White Pine No. 3 Fencing, 




Dressed & Matched . , . . 


. Ill 



White 
White 
White 
White 
White 
White 
White 
White 
White 
White 



Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 
Pine No. 



1 Shiplap 

2 Shiplap 

3 Shiplap 

4 Shiplap 

1 Grooved 

2 Grooved 

1 Dressed 

2 Dressed 

3 Dressed 

4 Dressed 



Roofing 
Roofing 
& Matched 
& Matched 
& Matched 
& Matched 



WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

White Pine No. 1 Common Boards 
White Pine No. 2 Common Boards 
White Pine No. 3 Common Boards 
White Pine No. 4 Common Boards 
White Pine No. 5 Common Boards 



WHITE PINE FENCING 

White Pine No. 1 Fencing 
White Pine No. 2 Fencing 
White Pine No. 3 Fencing 
White Pine No. 4 Fencing 



PAGE 

112 
113 
114 
115 
112 
113 
112 
113 
114 
115 



116, 117 

118, 119 

120, 121 

. 122 

. 123 



124 
125 
126 
127 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 
White Pine No. 1 Dimension and 
Timbers 129 

WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER 
White Pine No. 1 Thick Common Lumber 130 
White Pine No. 2 Thick Common Lumber 131 
White Pine No. 3 Thick Common Lumber 132 
White Pine No. 4 Thick Common Lumber 133 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 
White Pine Factory "C" Select and 

Better .134 

1, 114, 1 1^4 and 2 inch. 
White Pine No. 1 Shop Common . . 135 

l!4, l]/2 and 2 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Shop Common . .135 

l'/4- Wi and 2 inch. 
White Pine No. 3 Shop Common . . 136 

1|4, 11^ and 2 inch. 
White Pine Inch Shop Common . . .136 

1 inch. 
White Pine Short Box . . . . .136 

1, 114, XYi and 2 inch. 

WHITE PINE LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath 137 

No. 2 White Pine Lath 137 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



91 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 

FOR THE GRADING OF IDAHO WHITE PINE LUMBER UNDER THE GRAD- 
ING RULES OF THE WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 



The aim of the uniform grading inspection is to harmonize the natural 
differences which exist in the characteristics of the different stocks co- 
operating in this Bureau, making lumber of the same grades, at the differ- 
ent manufacturing points, of practically equal value, whether the logs 
from which the lumber is cut are large or small, coarse-knotted or fine- 
knotted, black-knotted or red-knotted, sound or pitchy. 

1. No arbitrary rules for the inspection of lumber can be maintained 

with satisfaction. The variations from any given rule are numer- 
ous and suggested by practical common sense, so nothing more 
definite than the general features of different grades should be 
attempted by rules of inspection. The following, therefore, are 
submitted as the general characteristics of the different grades. 

2. In the grading of finishing lumber in common practice, there is a 

recognized difference in classifying inch lumber and lumber 
thicker than inch. 

3. A very large percentage of the one and one-fourth, one and one-half 

and two inch lumber used for finishing purposes goes into work 
requiring each face to be shown, as in doors, sash, etc. With inch 
lumber, except shop common and partitions, the uses are quite dif- 
ferent, the almost invariable practice being that one face of the 
board is shown, and that face the better one. 

4. The face side of the lumber is the side showing the best quality for 

appearance. 

5. Defects in lumber should be distributed in proportion to the size of 

the piece. Long or wide pieces of the same grade may contain 
more and greater defects than shorter or narrower pieces. The 
same percentage should be observed in both long and short, wide 
and narrow. 

6. Wane in lumber is a defect which cannot be described by rule with 

satisfaction, and therefore must be left to the judgment of the 
grader. 

7. In a general way, dressed and matched stock, except No. 3, should 

have a good bearing on the back, and lumber Surfaced i Side or 
Surfaced 2 Sides shows nearly a full face. 



8. The lowering of grade on the face side on account of wane should 

be governed by grade, width and defects in the piece. 

9. Due consideration in rough stock should be given for the amount of 

wane that would be surfaced off in milling. 

10. Lumber must be accepted on grade in the form in which it was 

shipped. Any subsequent change in manufacture or mill work 
will prohibit an inspection for adjustment of claims, except with 
the consent of all parties interested. 

11. Mixed width boards do not necessarily require as good edges as 

shiplap or dressed and matched stock of the same grade. 

12. Planing mill work should be taken into consideration in all grades 

of dressed lumber, and its effect on a piece must be left largely to 
the judgment of the inspector. 

13. Thick White Pine "C" Select, except for factory purposes, should 

be graded on its best side or face, not so much attention being 
given to the back ; but in the grades of White Pine "B" Select and 
Better, the backs should, as a rule, be within one grade of the face. 

14. The grade of partition should be determined from its poorer side. 

15. Lumber when worked should be graded the same as the respective 

grades when in the rough. 

16. Unless otherwise provided for, lumber worked two sides shall be 

graded from its better side or face ; lumber worked one side shall 
be graded from its surfaced face. 

17. The examples given in this book do not in all cases include all of the 

different types in any grade. 

18. The interpretation of any grade is intended to cover all lumber be- 

tween the next higher grade above and the next grade below. 

19. It is not contemplated by these rules to cover car siding and roofing, 

the grades of which should be determined by special agreement. 



92 WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

HIGHEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH— WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 

MEDIUM TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER-THICK AND INCH— WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 
The feathery or wavy quality in the two above illustrations is not a defect, but rather is an evidence of high quahty 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



93 




SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



LOWEST TYPE 



'B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH— WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

WHITE PINE "B" SELECT AND BETTER 

Bright sap shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades pro- 
vided for and described in these rules. The restriction or exclusion of 
bright sap constitutes a special class of material which can only be 
secured by special contract. 

1. White Pine "B" Select and Better may be 4 inches or wider and 
shall consist of White Pine "B" Select and all the better product of 
the stock. 

2. Knots, slight blue stain and slight traces of pitch, or small season 
checks are admissible. 

3. A four-inch or six-inch piece should show but very slight traces of 
pitch or season check. Wider pieces can have more pitch or season 
checks, but this should be local and not scattered over the face of 
the piece. 

4. Slight blue stain is admissible when other defects are not of a se- 
rious nature, the amount of stain depending upon the width of the 
piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" Select and Better is the first or highest standard grade 
of White Pine Finishing Lumber, White Pine "B" Select and all lum- 
ber grading better than "B" Select being combined under one grade, 
and including ist, 2d and 3d Clear, which is the highest type, — "A" 
Select, which is the medium type, — and "B" Select, which is the lowest 
type, — these three types or grades being ordinarily grouped and sold 
together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Better, 
but White Pine ist, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select, and White 
Pine "B" Select can be purchased separately on special requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, i^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable where the very highest type of White Pine is desired, 
including highest quality interior and exterior finish, paneling, 
enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



The grades of White Pine 1st, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select and White Pine "B" Select, are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Better, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



94 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



HIGHEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH- WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



MEDIUM TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



95 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



LOWEST TYPE-"B" SELECT AND BETTER -THICK AND INCH- 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



-WHITE PINE FINISHING 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

WHITE PINE "B" SELECT AND BETTER 

Bright sap shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades pro- 
vided for and described in these rules. The restriction or exclusion of 
bright sap constitutes a special class of material which can only be 
. secured by special contract. 

1. White Pine "B" Select and Better may be 4 inches or wider and 
shall consist of White Pine "B" Select and all the better product of 
the stock. 

2. Knots, slight blue stain and slight traces of pitch, or small season 
checks are admissible. 

3. A four-inch or six-inch piece should show but very slight traces of 
pitch or season check. Wider pieces can have more pitch or season 
checks, but this should be local and not scattered over the face of 
the piece. 

4. Slight blue stain is admissible when other defects are not of a se- 
rious nature, the amount of stain depending upon the width of the 
piece. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" Select and Better is the first or highest standard grade 
of White Pine Finishing Lumber, White Pine "B" Select and all lum- 
ber grading better than "B" Select being combined under one grade, 
and including ist, 2d and 3d Clear, which is the highest type, — "A" 
Select, which is the medium type, — and "B" Select, which is the lowest 
type, — these three types or grades being ordinarily grouped and sold 
together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Better, but 
White Pine ist, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select, and White 
Pine "B" Select can be purchased separately on special requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i^, ij^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where the very highest type of White Pine is desired, in- 
cluding highest quality interior and exterior finish, paneling, enam- 
eled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



The grades of White Pine 1st, 2d and 3d Clear, White Pine "A" Select and White Pine "B" Select, are ordinarily grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "B" Select and Better, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



96 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



"C" SELECT -THICK AND INCH— WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "C" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade will admit of quite serious defects if the piece retains at 
the same time a fair appearance. 

3. The defects admissible are the same as those in White Pine "B" 
Select, but exist to a greater degree. 

4. Medium blue stain covering one-third of the face, if not in combi- 
nation with other marked defects, will be admitted. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Select is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber, and admits of a slightly greater number of the 
same character of defects as in White Pine "B" Select and Better. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i^, i^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior and interior finish, 
mouldings, paneling, cabinets, enameled work, etc., and is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$9.00 to $11.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" Select and 
Better. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



97 







* 








. :^'^p'^^M^;!m^-^l■':^7^: 




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ScALEi 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



"C" SELECT-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10 -INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "C" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade will admit of quite serious defects if the piece retains 
at the same time a fair appearance. 

3. The defects admissible are the same as those in White Pine "B" 
Select, but exist to a greater degree. 

4. Medium blue stain covering one-third of the face, if not in com- 
bination with other marked defects, will be admitted. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Select is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber, and admits of a slightly greater number of the 
same character of defects as in White Pine "B" Select and Better. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, ij^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior and interior finish, 
mouldings, paneling, cabinets, enameled work, etc., and is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$9.00 to $11.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine ''B" Select and 
Better. 



98 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



"D" SELECT 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade admits any piece of lumber that has the appearance of 
finishing or a percentage of cutting in which the defects are too 
numerous or too serious to admit of being graded into White Pine 
"C" Select. 

3. Medium blue stain covering the entire face, when not in combina- 
tion with other marked defects, will be admitted. 

4. Pitch pockets, pitch streaks, season checks, or two or three large 
knots when not in serious combination, or pieces carrying a num- 
ber of small pin knots, are admissible. This description embraces 
one inch, one and one-fourth inch, one and one-half inch and two 
inch stock, and is graded strictly from the face side without regard 
to the back and cannot be recommended for quality. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Select is the third or lowest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber, and while a fairly smooth appearing stock, 
carries serious defects in stain, wane, pitch pockets, pitch streaks, sea- 



son checks, frequent knots, etc., and is not recommended for quality. 
For convenience, the grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and 
of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can 
be purchased separately on special requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, l%, i^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for low quality interior finish, mouldings, etc., and for 
cutting-up purposes where fairly smooth appearing stock rather 
than exacting service is required, and is recommended only for 
houses of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$9.00 to $13.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



99 




SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



'D" SELECT-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "D" Select may be 4 inches or wider. 

2. This grade admits any piece of lumber that has the appearance of 
finishing or a percentage of cutting in which the defects are too 
numerous or too serious to admit of being graded into White Pine 
"C" Select. 

3. Medium blue stain covering the entire face, when not in combina- 
tion with other marked defects, will be admitted. 

4. Pitch pockets, pitch streaks, season checks, or two or three large 
knots when not in serious combination, or pieces carrying a number 
of small pin knots, are admissible. This description embraces one 
inch, one and one-fourth inch, one and one-half inch and two inch 
stock, and is graded strictly from the face side without regard to 
the back and cannot be recommmended for quality. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Select is the third or lowest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber, and while a fairly smooth appearing stock, 
carries serious defects in stain, wane, pitch pockets, pitch streaks, sea- 



son checks, frequent knots, etc., and is not recommended for quality. 
For convenience, the grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and 
of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can 
be purchased separately on special requisition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, i}^, or 2 inches, or thicker on special requisition. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 inches, or wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for low quality interior finish, mouldings, etc., and for cut- 
ting-up purposes where fairly smooth appearing stock rather than 
exacting service is required, and is recommended only for houses 
of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$9.00 to $13.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of one-inch White Pine "D" Select and White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



100 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



WHITE PINE "D" STOCK AND BOX BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is a grade of smooth- 
looking and sound-knotted kimber with edges free from wane. 

2. The knots may be either black or red, but should be sound and 
firmly set, varying in size from an inch and a half down. 

3. A White Pine "D" Box Board may have any number of sound 
knots, depending entirely upon their size and location. 

4. A 12-inch White Pine "D" Stock Board should contain a less num- 
ber of knots than a White Pine "D" Box Board, and 8 and lO 
inch "D" Stock Boards relatively smaller knots and less in number. 
This grade is none other than an extra smooth No. i White Pine 
Common Board grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is the highest standard grade 
of White Pine so-called Common Lumber, and is a small, tight, sound- 
knotted type, free from wane and practically free from sap or other 
defect. For convenience, the grades of White Pine "D" Stock and 
Box Boards and of one-inch White Pine "D" Select are sometimes 
grouped and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" 
Select, but "D" Stock and Box Boards grade is a distinctly higher and 
more serviceable type of tight, small, sound-knotted stock, practically 



free from other defect, and will give the maximum of service, espe- 
cially for outside or exposed uses, as against the more smooth appear- 
ing but less serviceable grade of "D" Select. White Pine "D" Stock 
and Box Boards and White Pine "D" Select, while sometimes grouped 
and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, can 
be purchased separately on special requisition. In practice, "D" Box 
is that portion of "D" Stock and Box Boards grade which is 13 inches 
and wider. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches in "D" Stock. 

13 inches and wider in "D" Box. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for highly serviceable exterior finish where small, sound 
knots are not objectionable and most exacting service is required, 
and is recommended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



101 




t€> 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



WHITE PINE "D" STOCK AND BOX BOARDS 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is a grade of smooth- 
looking and sound-knotted lumber with edges free from wane. 

2. The knots may be either black or red, but should be sound and 
firmly set, varying in size from an inch and a half down. 

3. A White Pine "D" Box Board may have any number of sound 
knots, depending entirely upon their size and location. 

4. A 12-inch White Pine "D" Stock Board should contain a less num- 
ber of knots than a White Pine "D" Box Board, and 8 and 10 
inch "D" Stock Boards relatively smaller knots and less in number. 
This grade is none other than an extra smooth No. i White Pine 
Common Board grade. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards is the highest standard grade 
of White Pine so-called Common I>umber, and is a small tight, sound- 
knotted type, free from wane and practically free from sap or other 
defect. For convenience, the grades of White Pine "D" Stock and 
Box Boards and of one-inch White Pine "D" Select are sometimes 
grouped and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" 
Select, but "D" Stock and Box Boards grade is a distinctly higher and 
more serviceable type of tight, small, sound-knotted stock, practically 



free from other defect, and will give the maximum of service, espe- 
cially for outside or exposed uses, as against the more smooth appear- 
ing but less serviceable grade of "D" Select. White Pine "D" Stock 
and Box Boards and White Pine "D" Select, while sometimes grouped 
and sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, can 
be purchased separately on special requisition. In practice, "D" Box 
is that portion of "D" Stock and Box Boards grade which is 13 inches 
and wider. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches in "D" Stock. 

13 inches and wider in "D" Box. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable exterior finish where small, sound 
knots are not objectionable and most exacting service is required, 
and is recommended for houses of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$10.00 to $15.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Select. 



The grades of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards and one-inch White Pine "D" Select are sometimes grouped and 
sold together under the one grade of White Pine "D" Select, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



102 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE. 



'B" AND BETTER-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



B" Siding 



1. White Pine "B" and Better Siding shall consist of 
grade and all the better product of the stock. 

2. White Pine "B" and Better Siding will admit of two or three sound, 
tight knots, not to exceed one-half inch in diameter, well scattered 
over the face of the piece, or in the absence of knots a small 
amount of blue stain, or slight traces of pitch if local. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" and Better Beveled Siding is the first or highest stand- 
ard grade of White Pine Siding, and combines under one grade, 
White Pine "A" and Clear Siding, White Pine "B" Siding, which two 



grades are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one grade 
of White Pine "B" and Better Siding, but White Pine "A" and Clear 
Siding, and White Pine "B" Siding, can be purchased separately on 
special requisition. 

White Pine "B" Siding is free from defects except white sap and two 
or three very small, sound knots. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
4 or 6 inches. 

4 to 20 feet, inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the highest gtade of White Pine Beveled Sid- 
ing is required, and is recommended for houses of the very highest 
class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



Width 
Length 



The two grades of White Pine "A" and Clear Siding, and White Pine "B" Siding, are ordinarily grouped and sold together 
under the one grade of White Pine "B" and Better Siding, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 





WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




103 




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SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'C"-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



character of defects as in White Pine "B" and Better Siding, and in 



White Pine "C" Siding will admit of two or three small knots, not 
exceeding one inch in diameter, or more knots when smaller, or a 
slight amount of pitch or light season check is admissible. 
Medium blue stain covering one-third the face is admitted if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

Defect requiring one cut not to exceed four inches of waste are 
allowed in high line pieces twelve feet long and longer. 



addition slight checks. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



I -inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 

4 or 6 inches. 

4 to 20 feet, inclusive, permitting odd as well as even 



lengths. 



SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Beveled Siding is the second standard grade of White 
Pine Siding, and admits of a slightly greater number of the same 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Beveled 
Siding is required, and is recommended for houses of the better 
class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.50 to $3.50 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" and Better 
Siding. 



104 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'D"-WHITE PINE 

ILLUSTRATING 



1. White Pine "D" Siding will admit of considerable pitch and season 
check, and with or without either of these defects a piece may also 
have a number of small knots well scattered. 

2. Blue stain covering the entire piece is allowed, if not in combina- 
tion with other marked defects. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



BEVELED SIDING 

6-INCH WIDTHS 

Pine Siding and admits of marked stain, wane, small knots, and season 
checks. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 4 to 20 feet, inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable White Pine Beveled Siding, 
when applied with judgment and kept well painted, and is recom- 
mended only for houses of moderate or low cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

White Pine "D" Beveled Siding is the third standard grade of White $4.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Siding. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



105 



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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



1. "E" White Pine Beveled Siding is the lowest recognized grade of 
White Pine Beveled Siding and will admit of stain, knot, pitch 
pocket, pitch and season check defects not admissible in White 
Pine "D" Siding. 

2. Many pieces showing seriously defective mill work or imperfect 
manufacture are admitted in this grade. 

SPECIAL GRADING INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Beveled Siding should be graded from the face side only. 

2. Defects on the thin edge which will cover when laid should not be 
given the same consideration as defects elsewhere. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "E" Beveled Siding is the fourth or lowest standard grade 
of White Pine Siding. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 4 to 20 feet, inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lensrths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest of construction, but will give 
fair service if somewhat cut to waste and kept well painted. Is 
recommended only for houses of the very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$3.CX) to $5.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Siding. 



106 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




Scale ^ 1 Inch to l Foot 



"B" AND BETTER-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. White Pine "B" and Better Flooring shall consist of "B" Flooring 
grade and all the better product of the stock. 

2. White Pine "B" and Better Flooring will admit of two or three 
sound, tight knots from one-quarter to one-half inch in diameter, 
or in the absence of other defects, a small amount of blue stain. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



Pine "B" and Better Flooring, but White Pine "A" Flooring and 
White Pine "B" Flooring can be purchased separately on special requi- 
sition. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "B" and Better Flooring is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Flooring, and combines under one grade White 
Pine "A" Flooring and White Pine "B" Flooring, which two grades 
are ordinarily grouped and sold together under the one grade of White 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the very highest type of White Pine Flooring 

is required, and is recommended for houses of the very highest 

class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



The grades of White Pine "A" Flooring and White Pine "B" Flooring are ordinarily grouped and sold together 
under the one grade of White Pine "B" and Better Flooring, but can be purchased separately on special requisition. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



107 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'C"-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



White Pine "C" Flooring will admit of two sound, tight knots one inch 
in diameter, or three to five sound, tight knots one-half inch or less in 
diameter, or in the absence of knot defects, medium blue stain, or 
slight traces of pitch, or season check, if not in serious combination. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "C" Flooring is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Flooring, it being a very small-knotted type, or in the absence of knots, 
admitting of slight sap stain, or light pitch streaks, or season check, 
when not in serious combination. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. , 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Flooring 
is required, and is recommended for houses of the better class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES. 

$9.00 to $11.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "B" and Better 
Flooring. 



108 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



'D"-WHITE PINE FLOORING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



1. White Pine "D" Flooring is a grade between No. i White Pine 
Fencing Dressed & Matched and White Pine "C" Flooring, and 
will admit, in a general way, the imperfections of both grades. 

2. In a knotty type, the knots must be smaller and fewer in number 
than in No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, and may be either 
red or black. 

3. Medium blue stain covering the entire face is admitted, also small 
pitch streaks or light season check, if not in serious combination. 

4. Defects requiring one cut, not to exceed four inches of waste, are 
allowed in high line pieces twelve feet long and longer. 

For General Instructions, Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

White Pine "D" Flooring is the third standard grade of White Pine 



Flooring, and while fairly smooth in appearance, carries serious de- 
fects in small knots, small pitch streaks, stain, wane, etc. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 



Length 



6, 8, ID, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonable service for inside flooring, but only where 
carpet or other complete floor covering is to be used, and is recom- 
mended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$8.00 to $10.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "C" Flooring. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 


109 




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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



1. No. I White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular grade 
of No. I White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and includes all 
sound, tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, free from 
very large coarse knots, or any imperfections that will weaken the 
piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use ex- 
cept better class of finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch streaks, 
are admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

4. Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Fencing Flooring is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Flooring, and is a sound, red or black tight-knotted type, 
no coarse knots being admissible, and allowing very slight colored blue 
sap, and light pitch streaks. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a small sound-knotted type of outside porch flooring, 
also for carpeted or completely covered inside flooring, in both 
cases where exacting service rather than appearance is desired, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. Also 
suitable where the most exacting service is required for lining lum- 
ber, or where it is to be covered with other material, and when so 
used is recommended for houses of the very highest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$1.00 to $2.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Flooring. 



no 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




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Scale 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 2-WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



No. 2 White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular grade of 
No. 2 White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and is subject to the 
same general inspection as No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, except 
that coarser and larger knots, not necessarily sound though usually so, 
more pitch, pitch pockets and season checks, more blue stain, also in 
occasional pieces slight traces of firm red rot, or occasional worm 
holes, are allowed. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Fencing Flooring is the fifth standard grade of 
White Pine Flooring, admitting of slightly coarser and larger knots 
than No. i White Pine Fencing Flooring, knots being not in every 
case necessarily sound though usually so, and a slightly increased 
amount of blue stained sap and pitch streaks, also in occasional pieces 
slight traces of firm red rot, or a few worm holes. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, I2, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a coarse but sound-knotted grade of carpeted or com- 
pletely covered inside floor where only ordinary service is required, 
and when so used is recommended only for houses of the very 
cheapest class. Also for lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub-floors, 
roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other material, 
and when so used is recommended for houses of the highest class. 
Also for Cellar Partitions, Coal Bins, etc. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No 
Dressed & Matched. 



White Pine Fencing 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



111 



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No. 3-WHITE PINE FENCING-DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing Dressed & Matched is the regular grade of 
No. 3 White Pine Fencing worked to Flooring, and may contain coarse 
knots, an occasional knot hole, splits, wane, worm holes, streaks of red 
rot, numerous pitch pockets and pitch streaks, but not a serious com- 
bination of these defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing Flooring is the sixth or lowest standard 
grade of White Pine Flooring, no further explanation being attempted 
than the above fully detailed description of this grade. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other 
material, and when so used is recommended for houses of the bet- 
ter class. Also for Coal Bins, Cellar Partitions, etc. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Fencing 
Dressed & Matched. 



112 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



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No. 1— WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 1 -WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

No. 1 -WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



I White Pine Grooved Roofin 



all 



1. No. I White Pine Shiplap, No 
and No. i White Pine Dressed & Matched stock admits of 
sound, tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, but free 
from very large coarse knots, or any imperfections that will 
weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

4. Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Shiplap, No. i White Pine Grooved Roofing, and 
No. I White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is the first or highest 
standard grade in White Pine Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, and wide 
Dressed & Matched stock, being in each case made from No. i White 



Pine Common Boards, and is a sound board type, characterized by 
numerous medium-sized knots, none of which are unsound or loose. 
Small amount of stain or light pitch pockets is admissible, but not to 
affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, lo, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet, 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. I White Pine Shiplap or No. i White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is suitable where the most exacting service is required for 
lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with other material, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of the very highest class. 
Also suitable for exacting service in Grooved Roofing, being the 
highest of two standard White Pine Grooved Roofing grades. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



113 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2-WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 2-WHITE PINE GROOVED ROOFING 

No. 2-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. 2 White Pine Shiplap, No. 2 White Pine Grooved Roofing, 
and No. 2 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is in each case 
subject to the same general inspection as No. i, except that coarser 
and larger knots, not necessarily sound, more pitch, pitch pockets 
and season checks are allowed. "V" and coarse-limb knots, heart 
shake, or slight trace of rot when firm, or occasional worm holes, 
are defects admissible in this grade. 

2. Blue stain covering the entire face of the piece is admissible when 
not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Shiplap, No. 2 White Pine Grooved Roofing, and 
No. 2 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is the second standard 
grade in White Pine Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, and wide Dressed & 
Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 2 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards, and is of the same general description as No. i, except 
that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily sound though usually 



so, and larger pitch pockets and more prominent season checks are 
allowed. 

STOCK SIZES 
Thickness i inch. 
Width . 8 or 10 inches. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 2 White Pine Shiplap or No. 2 White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is suitable where a very highly serviceable lining lumber is 
desired, or where its slightly coarse appearance is not objection- 
able when later to be covered with other material, and when so 
used is recommended for houses of the better class. Also suitable 
for reasonable service in Grooved Roofing, being the lowest of two 
standard White Pine Grooved Roofing grades. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i. 



114 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3-WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 3-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Shiplap and No. 3 
White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is coarse, admitting : 

2. Large loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 

4. A great deal of pitch and pitch pockets. 

5. Some red rot and pieces that are badly season checked. 

6. Large worm holes and any amount of blue stain. 

7. Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is ad- 
missible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Shiplap and No. 3 White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is the third standard grade in White Pine Shiplap and wide 
Dressed & Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 3 White 
Pine Common Boards, and is a coarse grade of White Pine Common 



Lumber, admitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in 
serious coinbination, including loose knots and consequent knot holes. 
Too low in grade for Grooved Roofing. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., where 
it is to be covered with other material, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of moderate cost. This grade allowing of knot 
holes does not permit of its use for Grooved Roofing. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



115 



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No. 4-WHITE PINE SHIPLAP No. 4-WHITE PINE DRESSED & MATCHED 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The predominating" defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Ship- 
lap and No. 4 White Pine Dressed & Matched stock is red rot and 
knot holes. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, pieces 
that are extremely coarse-knotted, waney, or showing excessive 
heart shake, extremely pitchy, or badly checked or split. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Shiplap and No. 4 White Pine Dressed & Matched 
stock is the fourth or lowest standard grade in White Pine Shiplap and 
wide Dressed & Matched stock, being made in each case from No. 4 
White Pine Common Boards, and is characterized to a large extent by 



red rot and large knots. May contain large worm holes, knot holes, 
or extremely coarse knots, wane, heart shake, and splits. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8 or 10 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the lowest grade of sheathing, roof boards, sub- 
floors, etc., where it is to be covered with other material, and when 
so used is recommended only for houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3. 



116 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Finish- 
ing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by various 
defects and combinations of defects in a greater or less degree accord- 
ing to the grade. 

Checked knots in tight red knotted stock in Common Lumber is not 
considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to injure 
the piece for the purpose for which the grade was designed. 
I. No. I White Pine Common Boards include all sound, tight-knotted 



cial grade of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards, and is a sound 
board type characterized by numerous knots, none of which are large, 
unsound, or loose. Very small amount of stain and light pitch streaks 
are admissible, but not to affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness t inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 



stock, whether red or black knots, free from very large, coarse' Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



knots, or any other imperfections that will weaken the piece. 
This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept better class of finishing purposes. 

Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 
Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Common Boards is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber, other than the somewhat spe- 



2. 



3- 



4- 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a board with frequent medium-sized 

but sound and firmly set knots can be used and exacting service is 

required. For Barn Siding is a high and most serviceable grade. 

Is sometimes used for coarse exterior finish in houses of very low 

cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



117 



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SCALE: I Inch to I Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 
ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Finish- 
ing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by various 
defects and combinations of defects in a greater or less degree accord- 
ing to the grade. 

Checked knots in tight red knotted stock in Common Lumber is not 
considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to injure 
the piece for the purpose for which the grade was designed. 

1. No. I White Pine Common Boards include all sound, tight-knotted 
stock, whether red or black knots, free from very large, coarse 
knots, or any -other imperfections that will weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept better class of finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch, are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

4. Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Common Boards is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber other than the somewhat spe- 



cial grade of White Pine "D" Stock and Box Boards, and is a sound 
board type characterized by numerous knots, none of which are large, 
unsound, or loose. Very small amount of stain and light pitch streaks 
are admissible, but not to affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a board with frequent medium-sized 
but sound and firmly set knots can be used and exacting service is 
required, including highest quality in lining lumber after being 
worked to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock. Also makes a 
high and most serviceable grade of Barn Siding and Grooved Roof- 
ing. Is further highly serviceable for Drop Siding, and for low 
quality of Flooring. Is sometimes used for coarse exterior finish 
in houses of very low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select. 



118 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Finish- 
ing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by various 
defects and combinations of defects in a greater or less degree accord- 
ing to the grade. 

Checked knots in tight red knotted stock in Common Lumber is not 
considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to injure 
the piece for the purpose for which the grade was designed. 

1. No. 2 White Pine Common Boards are subject to the same general 
inspection as No. i except that coarser and larger knots, not neces- 
sarily sound, more pitch, pitch pockets and season checks are al- 
lowed. "V" and coarse-limb knots, heart shake, or slight traces of 
rot when firm, or occasional worm holes, are defects admissible in 
this grade. 

2. Blue stain covering the entire face of the piece is admissible when 
not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 
GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Common Boards is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is of the same general description 
as No. I, except that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily 



sound though usually so, and larger pitch pockets and more prominent 
season checks are allowed. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, lo, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where a coarse, heavily and not necessarily 
sound-knotted board can be used and service rather than appear- 
ance is desired. Makes a good grade of Barn Siding and a medium 
grade of Grooved Roofing. Is also a highly serviceable lining lum- 
ber where it is to be covered, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof 
boards, etc., and when so used is recommended for houses of the 
better class. Is sometimes used for the very coarsest of exterior 
finish in houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $9.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



119 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 2-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



The characteristic of Common Lumber, as distinguished from Finish- 
ing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused by various 
defects and combinations of defects in a greater or less degree accord- 
ing to the grade. 

Checked knots in tight red knotted stock in Common Lumber is not 
considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to injure 
the piece for the purpose for which the grade was designed. 

1. No. 2 White Pine Common Boards are subject to the same general 
inspection as No. i except that coarser and larger knots, not neces- 
sarily sound, more pitch, pitch pockets, and season checks are 
allowed. "V" and coarse-limb knots, heart shake or slight traces 
of rot when firm, or occasional worm holes, are defects admissible 
in this grade. 

2. Blue stain covering the entire face of the piece is admissible when 
not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Common Boards is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is of the same general description 
as No. I, except that knots are larger and coarser, not necessarily 



sound though usually so, and larger pitch pockets and more prominent 
season checks are allowed. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 
Suitable for any use where a coarse, heavily and not necessarily 
sound-knotted board can be used and service rather than appear- 
ance is desired. Makes a good quality of Barn Siding and medium 
grade of Grooved Roofing, Drop Siding, Tight Board Fence, etc. 
Is also a highly serviceable lining lumber where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after being worked 
to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. Also suitable for a very low 
coarse grade of Flooring and Ceiling, and for the very coarsest of 
exterior finish in houses of the very cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Common 
Boards in 8 and 10 inch widths. 



120 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



1. The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is 
coarse, admitting : 

2. Large, loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 

4. A great deal of pitch and pitch pockets. 

5. Some red rot and pieces that are badly season checked. 

6. Large worm holes and any amount of blue stain. 

7. Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is ad- 
missible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is the third standard grade of White 
Pine Common Lumber, and is a coarse large-knotted type, admitting 
to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in serious combination. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider, or in mixed 

widths 4 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., and 
when so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Common 
Boards in 12-inch widths. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine 
Common Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



121 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



I. 



The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is 
coarse, admitting: 
Large, loose or unsound knots. 
An occasional knot hole. 
A great deal of pitch and pitch pockets. 
Some red rot and pieces that are badly season checked. 
Large worm holes and any amount of blue stain. 
Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is ad- 
missible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Common Boards is the third standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is a coarse large-knotted type, ad- 
mitting to some extent all kinds of defects, though not in serious com- 
bination. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider, or in mixed 

widths 4 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or 
after being worked to Shiplap, or Dressed & Matched stock, and 
when so used is recommended for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Common 
Boards in 8 and lo-inch widths. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine 
Common Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired 



122 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE; 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 4-WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards is red rot and knot holes. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, pieces 
that are extremely coarse-knotted, waney, or showing excessive 
heart shake, extremely pitchy, or badly checked, or split. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Common Boards is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber, and is characterized to a large extent 
by red rot and extremely large knots. May contain large worm holes, 
extremely coarse and unsound knots, knot holes, wane, heart shake, 
and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 6 feet and longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for very cheap lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other 
material, and when so used is recommended only for houses of the 
very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to S5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Common 
Boards. 



In practice, most all manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 4 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards together, but same can be purchased separately in any width desired. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



123 





irr^OBS^^^ 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



^:&^$U 



No. 5- 



WHITE PINE COMMON BOARDS 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 
DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 5 White Pine Common Boards is the lowest recognized grade and 
admits of all defects known in lumber, provided the piece is strong 
enough to hold together when carefully handled. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 6 feet and longer. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 5 White Pjne Common Boards is the fifth or lowest standard 
grade of White Pine Common Lumber. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest of sheathing or lining lumber, 

but not recommended for other than temporary work. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. 4 White Pine Common 
Boards. 



In practice, all manufacturers pile and sell all widths and lengths of No. 5 White Pine Com- 
mon Boards together, and for convenience only are 12-inch widths above illustrated. 



124 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 
















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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE FENCING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Fencing includes all sound, tight-knotted stock, 
whether red or black knots, free from very large coarse knots, or 
any imperfections that will weaken the piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use ex- 
cept better class of finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch are 
admissible, if they do not affect the general utility of the piece. 

4. Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Fencing is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, and is 
a sound, red or black tight-knotted type, no coarse knots being admis- 
sible, and allowing of very slight colored blue sap and light pitch 
streaks. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable Drop Siding, Ridge Boards, Win- 
dow or Door Jambs, etc., in houses of moderate cost, or for any 
outside use where exacting service is required and its somewhat 
coarse small-knotted appearance is not objectionable. Also suitable 
where the most exacting service is required for lining lumber, or 
where it is to be covered with other material, and when so used is 
recommended for houses of the very highest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$1.00 to $2.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine "D" Select. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



125 




SCALE; 1 Inch to i Foot 



No. 2-WHITE PINE FENCING 
ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 2 White Pine Fencing is subject to the same general inspection as 
No. I White Pine Fencing, except that coarser and larger knots, not 
necessarily in every case sound though usually so, more pitch, pitch 
pockets and season checks, more blue stain, also in occasional pieces 
slight traces of firm red rot, or occasional worm holes, are allowed. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Fencing is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, admitting of 
slightly coarser and larger knots than No. i White Pine Fencing, 
knots being not in every case necessarily sound though usually so, 
and a slightly increased amount of blue-stained sap and pitch streaks, 
also in occasional pieces slight traces of firm red rot, or a few worm 
holes. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a most highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheath- 
ing, sub-floors, roof-boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with 
other material, and when so used is recommended for houses of the 
highest class. Also for reasonably serviceable Drop Siding, Win- 
dow or Door Jambs, etc., in houses of the cheaper class, and for 
Tight Board Fence, Cellar Partitions, Coal Bins, etc. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Fencing. 



126 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



^'' ' 




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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3-WHITE PINE FENCING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



No. 3 White Pine Fencing may contain coarse knots, an occasional 
knot hole, splits, wane, worm holes, streaks of red rot, numerous pitch 
pockets, and pitch streaks, but not a serious combination of these de- 
fects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 



GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Fencing is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths. No further ex- 
planation is attempted than the above fully detailed description of 
this grade. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highly serviceable lining lumber, as in sheathing, sub- 
floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other 
material, and when so used is recommended for houses of the bet- 
ter class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Fencing. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



127 




,^ i:T.iiiw-Tiiiiai(»rli.^^.aigBg^^g^ 



-M 



O 





SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 4-WHITE PINE FENCING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Fencing 
is red rot and large knots. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, pieces 
that are extremely coarse-knotted, waney, or showing excessive 
heart shake, extremely pitchy or badly checked, or split. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Fencing is the fourth or lowest standard grade of 
White Pine Common Lumber in narrow or 4 and 6 inch widths, and is 
characterized to a large extent by red rot and large knots. May con- 
tain large worm holes, coarse and unsound knots, knot holes, wane, 
numerous pitch streaks, and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 
Width . 4 or 6 inches. 

6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 



Length 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for very coarse though reasonably serviceable 
sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or only where it is to be 
covered with other material, and when so used is recommended 
for houses of moderate or low cost. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Fencing. 



This 


page 


remains blank 


that the de- 


sired 


relationship 


between 


right and left 


pagei 


f to 


follow 


may be 


maintained. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



129 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION, FRAMING LUMBER AND TIMBERS 
No. 1 -WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND TIMBERS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Dimension and Timbers will admit of all defects 
common to lumber that do not materially impair the strength of the 
piece. 

2. Using the narrower type, or 2 x 4, as a basis, wane on edge is ad- 
missible for one-third the length and one-third the thickness and 
one-half the width. In all cases the piece should have two edges 
and one side good for milling purposes. 

3. No. I Small Dimension must be moderately straight and larger, 
No. I Dimension must be more so. 

4. A few worm holes are admissible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Dimension and Timbers is the first or highest and 
also the only standard grade of White Pine Framing Lumber manu- 



factured under the grading rules of the Western Pine Manufacturers' 
Association, and admits of such defects as do not impair the strength 
of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet, or longer. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for framing purposes in houses of the very highest class 
and where the maximum of service is required. On account of 
staying perfectly in place after once being fitted, without warping 
or twisting, White Pine Studding are particularly recommended in 
avoiding sprung door and window frames, and the consequent 
binding and sticking of doors and windows. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



As strength is the dominating characteristic in No. 1 White Pine Dimension and Timbers, 
illustration of this grade is omitted, as it could be of little service in determining quality. 



130 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



White Pine Thick Common lumber 

No. 1-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER-1|4, XVi and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Thick Common Lumber, as distinguished from 
Thick Finishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, 
caused by various defects and combinations of defects in a greater or 
less degree according to the grade. 

Checked knots in tight red knotted stock in Thick Common Lumber 
is not considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to 
injure the piece for the purpose for which the grade was designed. 

1. No. I White Pine Thick Common Lvunber shall include all sound, 
tight-knotted stock, whether red or black knots, free from very 
large, coarse knots, or any other imperfections that will weaken the 
piece. 

2. This grade should be of a character fitting it for ordinary use, ex- 
cept the better class of finishing purposes. 

3. Knots, small pitch pockets, light season check, or light pitch, are 
admissible, if they do not afifect the general utility of the piece. 

4. Light blue stain covering the entire face is admissible if not in 
combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. I White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the first or highest stand- 
ard grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is a sound type 



characterized by numerous knots, none of which are large, unsound, or 
loose. Very small amount of stain and light pitch streaks are admis- 
sible, but not to affect the general utility of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i^, 1J/2, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. I White Pine Thick Common Lumber being identical in grade 
with Inch No. i White Pine Common Boards suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. I White Pine Common Boards grade. Suitable for medium 
or low grade of thick exterior finish, outside door frames, door and 
window sills, porch steps, etc., and when so used is recommended 
for houses of moderate or low cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page S5. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 to $13.00 per thousand feet less than White Pine Thick "D" 
Select. 



Photographic reproduction is omitted covering the above grade, but reference is made 
to the exactly similar No. 1 White Pine Common Boards grade as illustrated on page 1 16. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



131 



White Pine Thick common lumber— (Continued) 

No. 2-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- lU, VA and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The characteristic of Thick Common Lumber, as distinguished from 
Thick Finishing, consists of a general coarseness of appearance, caused 
by various defects and combinations of defects in a greater or less de- 
gree according to the grade. 

Checked knots in tiglit red knotted stock in Thick Common Lumber 
is not considered a defect, unless the opening is so pronounced as to 
injure the piece for the purpose for which the gTade was designed. 

1. No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is subject to the same 
general inspection as No. i, except that coarser and larger knots, 
not necessarily sound, more pitch, pitch pockets and season checks, 
are allowed. "V" and coarse-limb knots, heart shake, or slight 
traces of rot when firm, or occasional worm holes, are defects ad- 
missible in this grade. 

2. Blue stain covering the entire face of the piece is admissible when 
not in combination with other marked defects. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the second standard 
grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is of the same gen- 



eral description as No. i , except that knots are larger and coarser, not 
necessarily sound thougli usually so, and larger pitch pockets and more 
prominent season checks, are allowed. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i)4) i/^j or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, lo, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 2 White Pine Thick Common Lumber being identical in grade 
with Inch No. 2 White Pine Common Boards suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 2 White Pine Common Boards grade. Suitable for a very low 
grade of thick exterior finish, outside door frames, door and window 
sills, porch steps, etc., and when so used is recommended only for 
houses of the cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. i White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



Photographic reproduction is omitted covering the above grade, but reference is made 
to the exactly similar No. 2 White Pine Common Boards grade as illustrated on page 1 18. 



132 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE Pine Thick common Lumber— (Continued) 

No. 3-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- 1!4, V/z and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The general appearance of No. 3 White Pine Thick Common Lum- 
ber is coarse, admitting : 

2. I^arge, loose or unsound knots. 

3. An occasional knot hole. 

4. A great deal of pitch and pitch pockets. 

5. Some red rot and pieces that are badly season checked. 

6. Large worm holes and any amount of blue stain. 

7. Not a serious combination of these defects in any one piece is ad- 
missible. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 3 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the third standard grade 
of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is a coarse type admitting 
to some extent all kinds of defects thousrh not in serious combination. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness ij^, 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 3 White Pine Thick Common Lumber being identical in grade 
with Inch No. 3 White Pine Common Boards suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 3 White Pine Common Boards grade. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



In practice, some few manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 3 White Pine 
Thick Common together, but same can be purchased in separate widths when desired. 

Photographic reproduction is omitted covering the above grade, but, if desired, reference is 
made to the exactly similar No. 3 White Pine Common Boards Grade as illustrated on page 120. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



133 



WHITE Pine Thick Common LuMBER-(Conciuded) 

No. 4-WHITE PINE THICK COMMON LUMBER- 114, II/2 and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. The predominating defect characterizing No. 4 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber is red rot and knot holes. 

2. Other types are pieces showing numerous large worm holes, pieces 
that are extremely coarse-knitted, waney, or showing excessive 
heart shake, extremely pitchy, or badly checked, or split. 

For General Instructions Refer to Page 91. 

GENERAL GRADE DISTINCTIONS 

No. 4 White Pine Thick Common Lumber is the fourth or lowest 
standard grade of White Pine Thick Common Lumber, and is char- 
acterized to a large extent by red rot and extremely large knots. May 
contain large worm holes, extremely coarse and unsound knots, knot 
holes, wane, heart shake, and splits. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 1%, i^, or 2 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 
Mixed lengths, 6 feet and longer. 



Length 



RECOMMENDED USES 

No. 4 White Pine Thick Common Lumber being identical in grade 
with Inch No. 4 White Pine Common Boards suggests its use 
where lumber thicker than inch is desired of the same quality as 
No. 4 White Pine Common Boards grade. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 White Pine Thick 
Common Lumber. 



In practice, most all manufacturers pile and sell all widths of No. 4 White Pine 
Thick Common together, but same can be purchased in separate widths when desired. 

Photographic reproduction is omitted covering the above grade, but, if desired, reference is 
made to the exactly similar No. 4 White Pine Common Boards Grade as illustrated on page 122. 



134 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE Pine factory Lumber 



White Pine Factory lumber is graded for and is valued by sash, door and 
blind factories and other like concerns for cutting-up qualities only, and 
should not be confounded, either in quality or value, with grades previously 
described. Being essentially for cutting-up purposes, it cannot be used in 
sizes as originally purchased in the regular course of building construction, 
and in cutting up, it of necessity means a considerable waste. 

All White Pine Factory lumber shall be graded from the poor side, and 
in determining the percentages of door cutting, consideration must be 



given to the fact that each piece is to be ripped full length in such manner 
as will yield the highest grade and largest percentage of door cuttings be- 
fore cross cutting, except in such cases where it will yield a higher value 
by being first cross cut for rails. In such instances as when stock is cross 
cut for rails, where some of the stock so obtained is too poor for either No. 
1 or No. 2 rails, and which yet contains stiles or muntins, or top rails, which 
can be obtained by ripping this cross cut stock, the door cuttings so obtained 
shall be figured in, when determining percentages. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GRADE OF WHITE PINE FACTORY 
LUMBER 

1. Grades as described under this head are valued for cutting-up qual- 
ities only, and should not be confounded, either in quality or value, 
with grades outlined in another part of this book for yard purposes. 

2. Factory plank of all kinds, better than- No. 3 White Pine Shop, 
shall be graded for the percentage of Door Cuttings that can be 
obtained. 

3. Two grades of Door Cuttings only shall be recognized, and are to 
be known as No. i and No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings. 



4- 



5- 



The only defect admissible in No. i White Pine Door Cuttings is 
white sap. 

The grade of No. 2 White Pine Door Cuttings will admit of one 
defect only in any one piece. This may be a small knot of sound 
character, not to exceed five-eighths of an inch in diameter, or the 
defect may be slight blue stain which does not extend over more 
than one-half the surface of the piece on one side, or in the absence 
of all other defects, one small season check not to exceed eight 
inches in length and showing on one side of the piece onlyj is ad- 
missible. 



WHITE PINE FACTORY "C" SELECT AND BETTER— 1, V/4, V/z and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Factory "C" Select and Better is the highest standard 
White Pine Factory Lumber grade in one-inch and thicker stock, and 
includes White Pine Factory "A" Select and Better, which is the first 
grade ; White Pine Factory "B" Select, which is the second grade ; and 
White Pine Factory "C" Select, which is the third grade ; all being or- 
dinarily grouped and sold together under the one grade of White Pine 



Factory "C" Select and Better, which grade shall contain 70% or more 
of No. I Door Cuttings in the sizes specified as admissible in No. I 
White Pine Shop Common. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%., lyi, or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 



Width 
Length 



INIixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



Photographic reproduction of above factory grade is omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



135 



WHITE Pine Factory Lumber— (Continued) 

WHITE PINE No. 1 SHOP COMMON— 1!4, VA and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The sizes and grades of cuttings admissible in No. i White Pine Shop 
Common, which is the fourth standard White Pine Factory Lumber 
grade in i^ inch and thicker stock, are as follows : 

1. No. I Stiles, in width 534 or 6 inches, and in length from 6 feet 8 
inches to 7 feet 6 inches. 

2. No. I Rails, 9 or 10 inches wide and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet 
in length. 

3. No. I Muntins, 5^ inches wide and from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet 
in length. 

4. Any number of pieces of either the Stiles or Rails mentioned above 
are admissible in the grade of No. i White Pine Shop Common, 



5- 



but only two Muntins of the size mentioned above shall be con- 
sidered, and one No. 2 Door Stile may also be considered, in secur- 
ing the required percentage of cuttings in any given plank. 
Each plank of No. i Wliite Pine Shop Common shall contain not 
less than 50%, nor more than 70%, of Door Cuttings of the sizes 
and grades above mentioned. 



STOCK SIZES 



Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



1/4) I /^> or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE No. 2 SHOP COMMON 



AND 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

The sizes and grades of cuttings admissible in No'. 2 White Pine Shop 
Common, which is the fifth standard White Pine Factory Lumber 
grade in i^ inch and thicker stock, are as follows : 

1. Stiles in width ^}^ inches or 6 inches and from 6 feet 8 inches to 7 
feet 6 inches in length. 

2. Rails 9 or 10 inches in width and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet in 
length. 

3. Top Rails 5^4 inches wide and from 2 feet 4 inches to 3 feet in 
Top Rails must, however, be of No. i Door Cuttings qual- 



4- 



length. 

ity, but figured as No. 2 Door Cuttings. 



Muntins 
length. 



5^ inches wide and from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet in 



1/4, IK2 

5. Any number of cuttings of any one of the above sizes are admis- 
sible in the grade of No. 2 White Pine Shop Common. 

6. Each plank of No. 2 White Pine Shop Common shall contain either 
one of the following: At least 25% of No. i Door Cuttings, or not 
less than 40% of all No. 2 Door Cuttings, or not less than 33%% 
of No. I and No. 2 Door Cuttings combined. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness ij4) i/^j or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



Photographic reproductions of above factory grades are omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



136 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER— (Concluded) 
WHITE PINE No. 3 SHOP COMMON-I14, V/2 and 2 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



No. 3 White Pine Shop Common, which is the sixth standard White 
Pine Factory Lumber grade in i^ inch and thicker stock, will admit 
all below the grade described as No. 2 White Pine Shop Common that 
is of a cutting-up type and suitable for sash, door, or other cutting-up 
purposes. 



STOCK SIZES 



Thickness 
Width . 
Length . 



iJ4) I/^> or 2 inches, and thicker on special requisition. 
Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 



Mixed lengths, 



8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE SHOP COMMON- 1 INCH 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

One-inch White Pine Shop Common is the one and only stand- 
ard grade of inch White Pine Shop Common in White Pine Factory 
Lumber, and is described as follows : 

1. There shall be only one grade of Inch White Pine Shop Common. 

2. Cuttings shall be 9J4 inches wide or wider and i8 inches long or 
longer, or 5 inches wide or wider and 3 feet long or longer. 

3. Cuttings gy2 inches wide or wider and less than 3 feet long shall be 
free from defects on both sides, except white sap. 



4. Cuttings 5 inches wide or wider and 3 feet long or longer shall 
have a "C" Select or Better face. 

5. Each piece of inch White Pine Shop Common shall contain 50% 
or more of any one cutting, or combination of cuttings, described 
in the foregoing rules for this grade. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 

Length . Mixed lengths, 8 feet and longer. 



WHITE PINE SHORT BOX 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



White Pine Short Box is a special standard grade of short White 
Pine Factory Lumber and shall include lumber i, 1^4 and 2 inches in 
thickness, 12 to 47 inches long, inclusive, 3 inches and wider, and No. 
4 and Better. For special uses, economy through the utilization of this 
grade of short lumber is constantly becoming more apparent, as short 
lengths can frequently be used to advantage as against cutting up 
higher priced longer lengths. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness Mixed thicknesses, i, i^, i}^ and 2 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 3 inches and wider. 
Length . Mixed lengths, 12 to 47 inches, inclusive. 

Short Box Grade is ordinarily sold by weight. 



Photographic reproduction of above factory grades is omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other like concerns. 



WESTERN PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARD IDAHO WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



137 



No. 1 WHITE PINE LATH 



Owing to the rapidity with which Lath are manufactured and necessarily 
handled in grading, the misplacement of an occasional piece is practically 
unavoidable. For this reason a variation of ten per cent, or less off grade 
is provided for in these rules. This provision is intended to cover acci- 
dentally misplaced pieces only, and every reasonable effort should be made 
to have the grades conform to the specifications without regard to this per- 
centage provided for misplaced pieces. 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Lath is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Lath, and shall be butted to not less than thirty-one 
and three-fourths inches or forty-seven and three-fourths inches 
long, not more than one-eighth of an inch scant of one and one-half 
of an inch wide, and not more than one-sixteenth of an inch scant 
of three-eighths of an inch thick, and of sound material. 

2. Will admit wane one-third the thickness and one-third the width 
for one-third the length on one side of the piece, or its equivalent 
otherwise located, when not in combination with other serious de- 
fects. 

3. Any number of pin knots, three or four three-quarter inch knots 



well scattered, or more smaller knots, all well set, firm and sound, 
that do not weaken the piece, are admissible in a four-foot, and a 
proportionately less amount in a thirty-two inch No. i White Pine 
Lath. 

4. Moderate pitch extending- over one-half the surface of the piece 
that does not materially impair the usefulness is admissible when 
not in serious combination with other defects. 

5. A few worm holes in an otherwise sound piece are admissible. 

6. Stain shall not be considered a defect, although mould that has 
caused the svtrface of the piece to decay or scale off, is a defect not 
admissible in this gTade. 

7. Ten per cent, or less of No. 2 White Pine Lath shall be allowed in 
this grade. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for all classes of houses and particularly recommended 
as being superior to all other kinds of lath, avoiding expansion and 
contraction and consequent cracking of plaster, also avoiding stain 
coming through the plaster. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



No. 2 WHITE PINE LATH 



2 White Pine Lath is the second or lowest standard grade of 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 
No 
White Pine Lath 

1. Pieces of No. i White Pine Lath quality with an average of not 
more than one-fourth of an inch scant in width and one-eighth of 
an inch scant in thickness are admissible. 

2. No. 2 White Pine Lath may contain firm streaks and patches of rot, 
sound knots, an occasional loose knot or knot hole, dead wood, 
worm holes, wane, season checks, pitch and pitch pockets, that by 
themselves or in combination with these or other defects do not 
seriously impair the usefulness of the piece. 



3. Both ends of a No. 2 White Pine Lath should have at least an inch 
in width of firm wood for nailing. 

4. Ten per cent, above or below this grade is admissible. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for houses of medium or low cost and recommended as 

being reasonably serviceable. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 85. 



WHITE PINE MOULDINGS 

White Pine Mouldings, while not listed or described in the Western Pine 
Manufacturers' Association Grading Rules, are of a grade practically 
free from defects, and are procurable in all patterns and sizes; and if 
not in stock, can be specially manufactured on order. 



WHITE PINE SHINGLES 

Practically no White Pine Shingles are manufactured in Idaho, and 
therefore no attempt is here made to describe the grades applying 
thereto. 



Section III 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE 

CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE WHITE PINE GRADINCx RULES OF 

THE WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS 

AND 

WHITE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES OF THE WHITE PINE 
ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS OF TONAWANDA AND 
NORTH TONAWANDA, NEW YORK, WHICH COVER, NOT AS A 
MANUFACTURING BUT AS A WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTING POINT, 
THE COMBINED PRODUCT OF MINNP:SOTA, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN 
AND IDAHO, AND ALSO THE WHITE PINE PRODUCT OF CANADA 



CLASSIFIED RECOMMENDED USES FOR WHITE PINE IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION 

UNDER 

THE WHITE PINE STANDARD GRADING RULES OF THE WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION 
OF THE TONAWANDAS, OF TONAWANDA AND NORTH TONAWANDA, NEW YORK, 

WHICH COVER NOT AS A MANUFACTURING BUT AS A WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTING POINT THE COMBINED PROD- 
UCT OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN, AND IDAHO, AND ALSO THE WHITE PINE PRODUCT OF CANADA 

Being Divided, for Purposes of Interpretation, into Three Classes, 
Covering Respectively Houses of High, Medium, and Low Cost 

TO AVOID SUBSTITUTION— WHITE PINE from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Canada, when desired, should always be so 
specified, and to insure its being correctly described, either the name "Northern White Pine" or the botanical name, " Pinus Strobus," 
should always be used. In like manner. White Pine from Idaho, when desired, should always be so specified, and to insure its 
being correctly described, either the name 'Tdaho White Pine" or the botanical name, "Pinus Monticola," should always be used. 



WTHITE PINE 



while the wood par excellence for all construction work 
is especially recommended for all outside uses of every nature 
where exposure to the weather or dampness is the test, — including sash, 
doors, and blinds. Also for inside doors and door frames, all inside finish 
and especially enameled work, flooring and ceiling lumber, stairs, kitchen 
cupboards, pantry and closet shelving, flour bins, kitchen cabinets, etc., etc., 
and for lath. White Pine is not urged and is limited in its use for general 
framing purposes as against other perhaps almost equal and lower cost 
structural woods, but as it does not warp or twist, shrink or swell, when 
once in place, it is particularly recommended for studding in avoiding 
springing or buckling of door and window frames and consequent sticking 
and binding of doors and windows, cracking of plaster, etc. 



IN COMPILING the following "Classified Recommended Uses for White 
Pine in House Construction," it has not been the intent to draw definite 
and arbitrary lines, but rather to indicate reasonable limits for average con- 
ditions. It will be readily understood that one builder may produce better 
work with the same grades of material than another, and much of the qual- 
ity in building construction depends on the good or poor judgment exercised 
in properly utilizing the material furnished to the best advantage. Class 1 
and Class 2 alone cover the range of grades recommended for ordinary 
architectural use. Class 3 is too low in grade to ordinarily warrant the 
employment of an architect, but is used in an endeavor to more distinctly 
define the necessarily somewhat indefinite dividing line between high, 
medium and low grades in White Pine lumber. 



Class l. Houses of the highest grade where Quality is first and Cost a secondary consideration. 
Class 2. Houses of medium grade where Quality and Cost are being equally considered. 
Class 3. Houses of cheap construction where Cost is first and Quality a secondary consideration. 



SILLS AND POSTS 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. 
Class 3. No. 1 White Pine Timbers. 



BOX SILLS 

Class 1. Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn. 
Class 2. Thick No. 3 White Pine Barn. 
Class 3. Thick No. 1 White Pine Box. 



JOIST 

Class 1 . Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn. 

Class 2. Thick No. 3 White Pine Barn. 

Class 3. Thick No. 1 White Pine Box. 



142 



V/HITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



FLOOR LININGS OR SUB-FLOORS 

Class 1. No. 3 White Pine Barn Boards or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Box. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Box; 

or No. 2 White Pine Box. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Box. 

STUDDING, FLOOR AND CEILING PLATES 

Class 1. Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn, 
Class 2. Thick No. 3 White Pine Barn. 
Class 3. Thick No. 1 White Pine Box. 

RAFTERS 

Class 1. Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn. 
Class 2. Thick No. 3 White Pine Barn, 
Class 3. Thick No. 1 White Pine Box. 

SHEATHING 

Class 1. No. 3 White Pine Barn Boards or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Box— Worked to Shiplap or D & M. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Box; 

or No. 2 White Pine Box— Worked to Shiplap or D & M. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Box. 

ROOF BOARDS 

Class 1. No. 3 White Pine Barn Boai-ds or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Box. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Box. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Box. 

CORNICE 

Class 1 . No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In V/4 Inch 
or Thicker. 
Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; Thick No. 1 White Pine 
Barn; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 



FACIA 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 
or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In 1|4 Inch 
or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; No. I White Pine Barn Boards; 
or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; Thick No. 1 White Pine 

Barn ; 
or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1J4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 



SOFFIT 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 
or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing — In II/4 Inch 
or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards; 
or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; Thick No. I White Pine 

Barn; 
or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In IJ.^ Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1% Inch or Thicker. 



SHINGLES 

Practically no White Pine Shingles other than in Dimension Widths are 
now handled in the Tonawanda market, and therefore no attempt is here 
made to describe or classify them. 



RIDGE BOARDS 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing or Better; 
No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 
or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards. 

Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



143 



OUTSIDE BASE, CASINGS, CORNER BOARDS, ETC. 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 
or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In i% Inch 
or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; No. I White Pine Barn Boards; 
or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; Thick No. 1 White Pine 

Barn; 
or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In \% Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1^ Inch or Thicker. 



PORCHES, BALCONIES, DORMERS, ETC. 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 
or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In 1'/^ Inch 
or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards; 
or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing, Thick No. 1 White Pine 

Barn; 
or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1^ Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 



PORCH FLOORING 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better— D & M— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better— D & M— In 1^ 
Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; No. 1 White Pine Barn 
Boards; 
or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 
or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn — In 114 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 



PORCH CEILING 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better— D & M and Beaded. 

Class 2. White Pine Star Clear; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— D & M and Beaded. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— D & M and Beaded. 



PORCH STEPS 

Class 1. White Pine Fine Common or Better— In One Inch. 

Thick White Pine Fine Common or Better— In l'/4 Inch or 
Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn— In 1|4 I"ch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In I14 Inch or Thicker. 



OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME JAMBS 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In One Inch. 

Thick No. I White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn— In 1'/^ Inch or Thicker. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 



OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME CASINGS 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In One Inch. 
Thick No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 
or Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 
(Continued on page 144) 



144 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



OUTSIDE DOOR FRAME CASINGS (Continued) 

Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn — In l!4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1 J4 Inch or Thicker. 



WINDOW FRAME JAMBS AND CASINGS 

Class 1.. No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— In l'/4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn — In V/4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 



WINDOW FRAME SILLS 

Class !. White Pine Fine Common or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In One Inch. 

Thick White Pine Fine Common or Better; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing— In 1% Inch 
or Thicker. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 1 White Pine Barn — In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn— In 1|4 Inch or Thicker. 



INSIDE DOOR FRAMES 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or White Pine Star Clear— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or Thick White Pine Star Clear— In l!4 Inch or Thicker. 
Class 2. White Pine Stained Saps; White Pine No. 1 Shelving & Dress- 
ing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Dressing — In One Inch. 

Thick White Pine Stained Saps; Thick White Pine No. 1 Shelv- 
ing & Dressing; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing— In 1% Inch or Thicker. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Bam Boards— In One Inch. 

Thick No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or Thick No. 2 White Pine Barn — In 1!4 Inch or Thicker. 



BEVELED SIDING 

Class 1. White Pine Clear Siding; 

or No. 1 White Pine Siding. 
Class 2. White Pine Bright Sap Siding; 

or No. 2 White Pine Siding. 
Class 3. White Pine Stained Sap Siding; White Pine Star Clear Siding; 
No. 3 White Pine Siding; 

or No. 4 White Pine Siding. 



DROP SIDING, COVE SIDING, NOVELTY SIDING, GER- 
MAN SIDING, RUSTIC SIDING, STONE-FACE SIDING, 8 
TO 12 INCH CLAPBOARDS, OR OTHER OUTSIDE HOUSE 
COVERING 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; No. 1 White Pine Barn 
Boards; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards. 



MOULDINGS 

White Pine Mouldings are not listed or described in The White Pine 
Association of the Tonawandas Grading Rules, therefore are not here 
classified, but are of a grade practically free from defects, and are pro- 
curable in all patterns and sizes. 



LATH 

Class 1. 
Class 2. 
Class 3. 



No. 1 White Pine Lath. 
No. 1 White Pine Lath. 
No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine). 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



145 



SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS 

Sash, Doors and Blinds are the product of and are manufactured only 
by Sash, Door and Blind Factories, therefore are graded under the Grad- 
ing Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory Associations. For 
this reason no attempt is here made to describe or classify them, and for 
detailed information as to the grades applying thereto, reference is made 
to the Grading Rules of the several Sash, Door and Blind Factory Asso- 
ciations. Northern White Pine Sash, Doors, and Blinds from the White 
Pine territory embracing Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Canada 
when desired should always be so specified, and for protection against 
substitution the name "Northern White Pine" or the botanical name, 
"Pinus Strobus," should always be used. In like manner Idaho White 
Pine when desired should always be so specified, and for protection 
against substitution the name "Idaho White Pine" or the botanical name, 
"Pinus Monticola," should always be used. 

INSIDE FLOORING 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Mouldings or Better; 

or No. 2 White Pine Mouldings— D & M. 
Class 2. No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing; No. 2 White Pine 
Dressing ; 

or No. 1 White Pine Barn Boards— D & M. 
Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards— D & M. 



INTERIOR TRIM 

Class 1. No. 1 White Pine Base & Casing or Better; 
or No. 2 White Pine Base & Casing. 

Cl'ass 2. White Pine Star Clear; White Pine Stained Saps; 
or No. 3 White Pine Base & Casing. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Dressing; 

or No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards. 



KITCHEN CUPBOARDS, PANTRY AND CLOSET SHELV- 
ING, FLOUR BINS, KITCHEN CABINETS, WAINSCOTING 
AND PARTITION, ETC., ETC., KITCHEN, ATTIC AND CEL- 
LAR STAIRS 

Class 1. No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better; White Pine Star Clear; 
or No. 1 White Pine Shelving & Dressing. 

Class 2. White Pine Stained Saps; 

or No. 2 White Pine Dressing. 

Class 3. No. 2 White Pine Barn Boards; 
or No. 3 White Pine Barn Boards. 



White Pine Standard Grading Rules 

OF THE 

White Pine Association of the Tonawandas 

OF 
TONAWANDA AND NORTH TONAWANDA, NEW YORK, WHICH COVER 
NOT AS A MANUFACTURING BUT AS A WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTING POINT 
THE COMBINED PRODUCT OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, MICHIGAN 
AND IDAHO, AND ALSO THE WHITE PINE PRODUCT OF CANADA 

INCLUDING 
ILLUSTRATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS OF GRADES, STOCK SIZES, RECOMMENDED 
USES AND APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCES IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 



PREFACE 

The accompanying- White Pine Grachng Rules as adopted by ahva}'s have consideration in reconcihng differences in grades, 

the White Pine Association of the Tonawandas, are essen- and in the proper choosing of a grade for any specific purpose, 
tiahy general in their character, no technically detailed grad- The approximate dift'erences in cost between grades in the 

ing rules ever having been published covering Tonawanda accompanying rules should be interpreted only as an approxi- 

grades. The large number and consequent close similaritv of "^ate, these differences varying in different localities and with 

the different Tonawanda grades necessitates such fine distinc- supply and demand, and are given merely as a guide to the 

tions in describing them that the compiling of a clearly un- architect m helping to determine the desired grade to be used, 
derstandable and easily interpreted set of grading rules is Situated at the foot of the Great Lakes and at the Western 

1 • 1 i-rc 1^ ^1 T r 11 1 uj- M r 1 terminus of the Erie Canal, the geographical location oi the 

obviously diincult, the grading of so-called Line boards, or , . .^. r ^^ ., -i at ^u % ^ -kj \r y 

,1 -^ , ' f , ^ , . , ■„ 1, p , . '. twin cities of lonawanda and North ionawanda, New York, 

m other words, those boards_ which will allow of their being -^ ^^^^ ^j^^^ ^^^^^, 1^^^,^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^y ^^^-^^ p-^^ 1^^^_ 

placed m the grade above or m the grade below, being left as ^er manufacturers as a center from which to distribute their 

the result of long established practice to the judgment of grad- product, and as such The Tonawandas might rightfully be 

ing inspectors. Wider and^ thicker lumber allows of more called a White Pine manufacturers' or wholesalers' distrib- 

defects than narrower or thinner stock and therefore should uting point. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



149 



THE WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS 

STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADES AND NOMENCLATURE 

Including Page Index 
the following are the standard white pine grades adopted by the white pine 
association of the tonawandas, and the terms by which they are to be known 



WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 
FINISHING 
White Pine Uppers 150,151 

1, 114, l!/2> 2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine Selects 152,153 

1, 1|4, 11/2, 2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine Fine Common . . .154,155 

1, 114, IJ/2, 2, 21/2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 inch. 
White Pine "A" or No. 1 Base and Casing 157 

1 inch. 
White Pine "B" or No. 2 Base and Casing 1 58 

1 inch. 
White Pine "C" or No. 3 Base and Casing 159 

1 inch. 
White Pine No. 1 Mouldings . . . .160 

1. 1!4. l!/2. and 2 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Mouldings . . . .161 

1' 1/4. l^i, and 2 inch. 
White Pine Stained Saps . . . . 162, 163 

1. l!4> IJ/2, and 2 inch. 
White Pine Star Clear . . . .164,165 

1, 114, lj/2> 2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 1 Shelving . . . .166 

1 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Shelving . . . .167 

1 inch. 
White Pine No. 1 Shelving & Dressing. 168, 169 

1, 114, IK2, 2, 2>/^, 3, and4inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Dressing . . .170,171 

1. '!4. 11/2. and 2 inch. 



PAGE WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 



White Pine Clear Siding . 
White Pine No. 1 Siding . . 
White Pine Bright Sap Siding 
White Pine No. 2 Siding . . 
White Pine No. 3 Siding . . 
White Pine No. 4 Siding . 
White Pine Stained Sap Siding 
White Pine Star Clear Siding 

WHITE PINE FLOORING 
WHITE PINE CEILING 
WHITE PINE PARTITION 
Refer to 



PAGE 

172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 



180 



WHITE 
WHITE 
WHITE 
WHITE 
WHITE 
Refer 



PINE DROP SIDING 
PINE COVE SIDING 
PINE NOVELTY SIDING 
PINE GERMAN SIDING 
PINE RUSTIC SIDING 
to 



180 



WHITE PINE PHILADELPHIA FENCING 
Refer to 180 

WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 
WHITE PINE WIDE DRESSED 
AND MATCHED 
Refer to 



180 



WHITE PINE THICK AND INCH 
COMMON LUMBER 

White Pine No. 1 Barn . . . . 182, 183 

1, 1|4, l'/2. 2, 21/2. 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Barn . . . . 184, 185 
1, 114, 1/2. 2, 2/2. 3, and 4 inch. 



PAGE 

.186, 187 



White Pine No. 3 Barn . . 

1, 1|4, 11/2, 2, 21/2. 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 1 Box . . . .188,189 

1, 1'4, 11/2, 2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Box 190 

1. l!4. lJ/2. and 2 inch. 

WHITE PINE TIMBERS 

White Pine No. 1 Timbers . . . .191 
White Pine No. 2 Timbers . . . .191 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND 
FRAMING LUMBER 
Refer to 192 

WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 

White Pine No. 1 Cuts 192 

1, 114, 11/2, 2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 2 Cuts 194 

1, 1'4, 1/2,2, 21/2, 3, and 4 inch. 
White Pine No. 3 Cuts .... 

1, 114, II/2, 2, 21/^, 3, and 4 inch. 

LATH 

No. 1 White Pine Lath 

No. 1 Mixed Lath (Not All White Pine) 
No. 2 Lath (Not All White Pine) . , 

WHITE PINE DIMENSION SHINGLES 
White Pine No. 1 Dimension Shingles , 
White Pine No. 2 Dimension Shingles . 

WHITE PINE PICKETS 

White Pine No. 1 Pickets . . . .197 

White Pine No. 2 Pickets . . . .197 

White Pine No. 3 Pickets . . . .197 



194 



195 
195 
195 

196 
196 



150 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



UPPERS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



White Pine Uppers is the first or highest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber as made in the Tonawanda market, and con- 
sists of the two grades of First and Second Clear, is 8 inches and wider 
in width, lo to i6 feet in length. First Clear being that portion of the 
stock grading strictly clear on both sides without defect of any char- 
acter, Second Clear being that portion of the stock admitting of slight 
sap on edges or ends of piece, or one or two pencil knots. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, ij4> ij^. 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the very highest and choicest type of White 
Pine is desired, including highest quality interior and exterior 
finish, paneling, enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest 
class. Also used in organ and piano building, and for highest grade 
of pattern lumber. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



151 



•-•' (;t-;^ !*,^s y^.'X'ii\^'-*S':'i'Jfi''^^S^^ 



'*--^.-«*»,isg«a8p|<SS#}fs^«fflP5Ss«^iE^ 



SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



UPPERS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



White Pine Uppers is the first or higiiest standard grade of White 
Pine Finishing Lumber as made in the Tonawanda market, and con- 
sists of the two grades of First and Second Clear, is 8 inches and 
wider in width, lo to i6 feet in length, First Clear being that portion 
of the stock grading strictly clear on both sides without defect of any 
character. Second Clear being that portion of the stock admitting of 
slight sap on edges or ends of piece, or one or two pencil knots. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i^, i^, 2, 2yi, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only where the very highest and choicest type of White 
Pine is desired, including highest quality interior and exterior 
finish, paneling, enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest 
class. Also used in organ and piano building, and for highest grade 
of pattern lumber. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



152 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to i foot 



SELECTS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Selects is the second standard grade of White Pine Fin- 
ishing Lumber as made in the Tonawanda market, is 8 inches and 
wider in width, lo to i6 feet in length, and is what is sometimes known 
as Third Clear, admitting of a slight amount of sap and an occasional 
pin knot, these varying in number and size according to the width and 
thickness of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, i/^, 2, 2j4, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a very high type of White Pine is desired, including 
an exceedingly high quality of interior and exterior finish, paneling, 
enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. Also used 
in organ and piano building, and for pattern lumber. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$10.00 per thousand feet less than Uppers. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



153 



1 



SCALE: 1 Inch to I Foot 



SELECTS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Selects is the second standard grade of White Pine Fin- 
ishing Lumber as made in the Tonawanda market, is 8 inches and 
wider in width, lo to i6 feet in length, and is what is sometimes known 
as Third Clear, admitting of a slight amount of sap and an occasional 
pin knot, these varying in number and size according to the width and 
thickness of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1^4, i/^> 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inche§. 

Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a very high type of White Pine is desired, including 
an exceedingly high quality of interior and exterior finish, paneling, 
enameled work, etc., in houses of the very highest class. Also used 
in organ and piano building, and for pattern lumber. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141 . 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$10.00 per thousand feet less than Uppers. 



154 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



FINE COMMON-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Fine Common is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber as made in the Tonawanda market, is 8 inches and 
wider in width, lo to i6 feet in length, and admits of bright sap cover- 
ing half the face of the piece, some stain on back and occasionally a lit- 
tle running over on one or two edges. Also admits of a few small 
knots, varying in size and number according to the width and thick- 
ness of the piece. Is practically free from shake, but admits of slight 
shake showing only on one side or on one end of the piece. This grade 
is usually free from stain. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i. i}i, 1^2, 2, 2J/2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 inches. 
Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 
Length . to, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a high type of exterior and especially interior finish 
where a clear face stock is required, in houses of the highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$15.00 per thousand feet less than Selects. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



155 



V^l'-i-ifuHS^^i^i:.- £'*t-ii«i»^-'- 



?..«ii;^ ,'ji^-^i,>i«.;;^-.^\y|f^^:t--^ :,-;. -"-^ 



'yT»s.-.^ j(ji^ y , ^y 



- :^i. -■-.■ ^'r^^j^rTT^ ■ ifS, 4f^ fTS-r-T-^T-f^^ ^7^Sftfir)fljl.i IJ(S^ 



^C^PK^J^^r 



7V<-^ 



SCALE: I Inch to 1 Foot 



FINE COMMON-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Fine Common is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Finishing Lumber as made in tlie Tonawanda market, is 8 inches and 
wider in width, lo to t6 feet in length, and admits of bright sap cover- 
ing half the face of the piece, some stain on back and occasionally a lit- 
tle running over on one or two edges. Also admits of a few small 
knots, varying in size and number according to the width and thick- 
ness of the piece. Is practically free from shake, but admits of slight 
shake showing only on one side or on one end of the piece. This grade 
is usually free from stain. 



STOCK SIZES 

Tliickness i, ij^, i}^, 2, 2j/, 3, 4, 5, or 6 inclies. 
Width . 8, 10, or 12 inches, also 13 inches and wider. 
Length . 10. 12. 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a high type of exterior and especially interior finish 
wfhere a clear face stock is required, in houses of the highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page Ml. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$15.00 per thousand feet less than Selects. 



This page remains blank that the de- 
sired relationship between right and 
left pages to follow may be maintained 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 


157 




... .' 


If 



Scale: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



'A" OR No. 1 



ONE INCH ONLY-WHITE PINE BASE & CASING 
ILLUSTRATING 4, 6 and 8-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine "A" or No. i Base & Casing is the highest of three special 
standard grades of one-inch White Pine Finishing Lumber, especially 
graded for Base and Casing purposes, and is practically free from all 
defects on face side except bright sap. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. or 12 inches. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where the highest grade of White Pine Base & Casing is 
required, and is recommended for exterior and particularly interior 
finish in houses of the highest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

Approximately the same in price as Fine Common. 



158 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 




"B" OR No. 2-ONE INCH ONLY-WHITE PINE BASE & CASING 

ILLUSTRATING 4, 6 and 8-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine "B" or No. 2 Base & Casing is the second of three special 
standard grades of one-inch White Pine Finishing Lumber, especially 
graded for Base and Casing purposes, and is practically free from 
knots on face side, but admitting of bright sap, slight shake, and some 
discolored sap. Also admits of one or two small worm holes where 
piece is otherwise an "A" or No. i Base & Casing grade. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES » 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Base & 
Casing is required, and is recommended for exterior and particu- 
larly interior finish in houses of the higher class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$5.00 to $10.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Base & Casing. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



159 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



'C" OR No. 3- 



ONE INCH ONLY-WHITE PINE BASE & CASING 
ILLUSTRATING 4, 6 and 8-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine "C" or No. 3 Base & Casing is the third of thx'ee special 
standard grades of one-inch White Pine Finishing Lumber, especially 
graded for Base and Casing purposes, and admits of an occasional 
small knot, shake, some sap stain on face and back, and a few small 
worm holes and sound red strea,ks, when not in serious combination. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Base & 
Casing is required where woodwork is to be painted, and is recom- 
mended for interior finish in houses of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 to $10.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Base & Casing. 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 MOULDINGS 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Mouldings is the highest of two special standard 
grades of narrow White Pine Finishing Lumber, especially graded 
for the making of Mouldings, and combines under one grade the first, 
second, and third, or Uppers, Selects, and Fine Common standard 
grades in Finishing Lumber, in narrow or 4 to 7 inch widths, 10 to 16 
feet in length, is practically free from defects on one face except 
bright sap, admitting- of a slight amount of stain or other defect on 
back which does not interfere with the use of the piece for one face 
purposes. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1^4, ij4, or 2 inches. 
Width . 4 to 7 inches. 
Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable primarily for high grade Mouldings. Also suitable for any 
purpose where narrow lumber with one practically clear face is 
desired. Is very highly serviceable for interior finish where narrow 
widths can be used, and when so used is recommended for houses 
of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$10.00 per thousand feet less than Fine Common. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



161 



-e- 



ScALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



No. 2 MOULDINGS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Mouldings is the second of two special standard 
grades of narrow White Pine Finishing Lumber, especially graded 
for the making of Mouldings, is 4 to 7 inches in widtli, 10 to 16 feet 
in length, and is the rejected stock from No. i Mouldings, admitting 
of slisrhtlv more defect and slight stain on the face side. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 

Width . 4 to 7 inches. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet 



I, i}i, lyi, or 2 inches. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable primarily for a medium grade of Mouldings. Also suitable 
for reasonably serviceable interior finish where narrow widths can 
be used, admitting of such defects as are allowable without waste 
in cutting, and when so used is recommended for houses of moder- 
ate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$[0.oo per thousand feet less than No. i Mouldings. 



162 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




Inch to 1 Foot 



STAINED SAPS- 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Stained Saps is a special standard grade of sap-stained 
White Pine Finishing Lumber, is 4 inches and wider in width, 10 to 
16 feet in length, containing No. i Cuts and better as described under 
Factory Lumber, is largely Fine Common and better for knot defects, 
and admits of any amount of stained sap, but is practically free from 
shake and other defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i34, ^y2, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for medium or low quality interior and exterior finish in 
houses of low cost where the woodwork is to be painted and only 
reasonable service is required. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Mouldings. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



163 




i 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



STAINED SAPS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Stained Saps is a special standard grade of sap-stained 
Wliite Pine Finishing Lumber, is 4 inches and wider in width, 10 to 
16 feet in length, containing No. i Cuts and better as described under 
Factory Lumber, is largely Fine Common and better for knot defects, 
and admits of any amount of stained sap, but is practically free from 
shake and other defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, ij'2, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for a low grade of interior and exterior finish in 
houses of low cost where the woodwork is to be painted and only 
reasonable service is required. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Mouldings. 



164 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



STAR CLEAR 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



^4' 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Star Clear is a special standard grade of White Pine Fin- 
ishing Lumber, is 4 inches and wider in width, 10 to 16 feet in length, 
being the rejected stock from Fine Common and better on account of 
slight shake defect, is No. i Cuts and better but more largely Fine 
Common and better for knot defect, admitting of some shake, but is 
practically free from other defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i}i, i>^, 2, 23^, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for medium or low quality interior finish, Mouldings, etc., 
or where fairly smooth appearing stock rather than exacting service 
is required, and is recommended for houses of low cost. Also for 
metal covered work or for any purpose where clear appearing lum- 
ber is desired and slight shake defect is not objectionable. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 to v$5.oo per thousand feet less than No. 2 Mouldings. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



165 





Scale: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



STAR CLEAR-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Star Clear is a special standard grade of White Pine Fin- 
ishing- Lumber, is 4 inches and wider in width, 10 to 16 feet in length, 
being the rejected stock from Fine Common and better on account of 
slight shake defect, is No. i Cuts and better but more largely Fine 
Common and better for knot defect, admitting- of some shake, but is 
practically free from other defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i}i, ijA, 2, 2^/2, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for medium or lo-w quality interior finish, Mouldings, etc., 
or -where fairly smooth appearing stock rather than exacting service 
is required, and is recommended for houses of low cost. Also for 
metal covered -work or for any purpose -where clear appearing lum- 
ber is desired and slight shake defect is not objectionable. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$2.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Mouldings. 



166 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 SHELVING-ONE INCH ONLY-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 10 and 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Shelving is the highest of two special standard 
grades of one-inch small-knotted White Pine Finishing Lumber, espe- 
cially graded for Shelving purposes, is one inch in thickness, lo inches 
and wider in width, and is the same in grade as No. i Shelving & 
Dressing except that the grade of No. i Shelving must show two good 
edges. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 10 or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable primarily for a very high grade of Shelving. Also suitable 
for very highly serviceable exterior and interior finish where small, 
sound knots are not objectionable and most exacting service is re- 
quired, and is recommended for houses of the better class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 to $4.00 per thousand feet less than Star Clear. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



167 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2 SHELVING-ONE INCH ONLY-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 10 and 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Shelving is the second of two special standard 
grades of one-inch small-knotted White Pine Finishing Lumber, espe- 
cially graded for vShelving purposes, is the rejected stock out of No. i 
Shelving, and is the equivalent to the grade of No. i Barn and Better 
for knot defect, showing one good edge, and practically free from 
other defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch. 

Width . 10 or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for a high grade of Shelving. Also suitable for any pur- 
pose where a similar but slightly lower grade than No. i Shelving 
is admissible, and where only its one good edge shows. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Shelving. 



168 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




Scale: I Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 SHELVING & DRESSING-THICK AND INCH- 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



WHITE PINE FINISHING 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Shelving & Dressing is a special standard g'rade of 
small-knotted White Pine Finishing Lumber, admitting of small sound 
knots, but practically free from other defects, knots being usually not 
larger than a twenty-five cent piece, and varying slightly in size and 
number'according to the width and thickness of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i}^, i}^, 2, 2J/2, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 



Length 



10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior or interior finish where 
small sound knots are not objectionable and most exacting service 
is required, and when so used is recommended for houses of the 
better class. Also suitable for pattern lumber in large work where 
a few small sound knots are not objectionable. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than Star Clear. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



169 




Scale: l Inch to 1 Foot 

No. 1 SHELVING & DRESSING— THICK AND INCH— WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Shelving- & Dressing is a special standard grade of - 
small-knotted White Pine Finishing Lumber, admitting of small sound 
knots, but practically free from other defects, knots being usually not 
larger than a twenty-five cent piece, and varying slightl}' in size and 
number according to the width and thickness of the piece. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i%, i^, 2, 2^4, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for very highly serviceable exterior or interior finish where 
small sound knots are not objectionable and most exacting service 
is required, and when so used is recommended for houses of the 
better class. Also suitable for pattern lumber in large work where 
a few small sound knots are not objectionable. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet less than Star Clear. 



170 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



_i(^w— — 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2 DRESSING-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Dressing is a special standard grade of small-knotted 
White Pine Finishing Lumber and is the equivalent of the grade of 
No. I Barn and Better for knot defect, but also admitting of slight 
shake or stain defect. The character of knots is practically the same 
as contained in No. i Shelving & Dressing. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 1, 1%, i]^, ox 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable exterior or interior finish where 
frequent small knots are not objectionable, and when so used is 
recommended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

v$5.oo to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Shelving & Dressing. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



171 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 



2 DRESSING-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FINISHING 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



White Pine No. 2 Dressing is a special standard grade of small-knotted 
White Pine Finishing Lumber and is the equivalent of the grade of 
No. I Barn and Better for knot defect, but also admitting of slight 
shake or stain defect. The character of knots is practically the same as 
contained in No. i 



Shelving & Dressing. 



STOCK SIZES 



Thickness i, i}i, i}^, or 2 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, lo, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable exterior or interior finish where 
frequent small knots are not objectionable, and when so used is 
recommended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $8.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Shelving & Dressing. 



172 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 



CLEAR-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



White Pine Clear Beveled Siding is the first or highest standard grade 
of White Pine Siding and is free from all defects of any jiature. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

Length . 6 to i6 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Being absolutely clear, is suitable where the very highest and 
choicest of White Pine Beveled Siding is required, and is recom- 
mended for houses of the very highest class. 



For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



173 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Beveled Siding is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Siding, and when in place must lay to show practically 
free from all defects. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

6 to i6 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 



No. 1 -WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 

RECOMMENDED USES 



Length 



as even lengths. 



Suitable where a very high quality of White Pine Beveled Siding is 
required and is recommended for houses of the highest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 per thousand feet less than "Clear" Siding. 



174 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



BRIGHT SAP-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Bright Sap Beveled Siding is a special standard grade of 
White Pine Siding, and is practically free from all defects excepting 
bright sap. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

Length . 6 to i6 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Beveled 
Siding is required, and is recommended for houses of the better 
class, its defect being bright sap rather than knots. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Siding. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 


175 






^M 




_._^__ u4_ 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Beveled Siding is the third standard grade of White 
Pine Siding, and when in place must lay to show practically clear with 
the exception of one or two small defects, or one large defect which 
may be cut out. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

Length . 6 to 16 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



No. 2- WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a highly serviceable grade of White Pine Beveled 
Siding is reqviired, and is recommended for houses of the better 
class, its few defects being in knots rather than sap. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFEREff^E IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 per thousand feet less than "Bright Sap" Siding. 



176 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 3 Beveled Siding is the fourth standard grade of 
White Pine Siding, and admits of one or two defects which may be 
cut out, and also slightly more knot defect than in White Pine No. 2 
Beveled Siding. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diag-onally. 
4, 5, or 6 inches. 

6 to 16 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



Width 
Length 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable where a reasonably serviceable grade of White Pine 
Beveled Siding is required, and is recommended for houses of mod- 
erate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 per thousand feet less than No. 2 Siding. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



177 





xr- 



-^r^Sfgnei^^ 



SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 4-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 
ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 4 Beveled Siding is the fifth or lowest standard grade 
of White Pine Siding, and combines under one grade the rejects from 
the better grades as they are sorted from Siding Strips. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

Length . 6 to 16 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for cheap construction, but will give fair service if 
somewhat cut to waste and kept well painted. Is recommended 
only for houses of the very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$6.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 Siding. 



178 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 





■& 




SCALE: 1 Inch to I Foot 



STAINED SAP-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Stained Sap Beveled Siding is a special standard grade of 
White Pine Siding, stained sap being no defect, and also admitting of 
occasional small knots. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

Length . 6 to i6 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 
as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for cheap construction but will give reasonable ser- 
vice if kept well painted. Is recommended only for houses of the 
cheaper class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

Approximately the same in cost as No. 3 Siding. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



179 



SCALE: 1 Inch to l Foot 



STAR CLEAR-WHITE PINE BEVELED SIDING 

ILLUSTRATING 6-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine Star Clear Beveled Siding is a special standard grade of 
shaky-clear AMiite Pine Siding, admitting of fine surface shake and 
occasional sound pencil knots. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i-inch lumber, resawed diagonally. 
Width . 4, 5, or 6 inches. 

6 to i6 feet inclusive, permitting odd as well 



Length 



as even lengths. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for very cheap construction where appearance rather 
than service is desired, and is recommended only for houses of the 
cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
Si.oo per thousand feet less than No. 3 Siding. 



180 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE FLOORING, CEILING, PARTITION, DROP SIDING, COVE SIDING, 
NOVELTY SIDING, GERMAN SIDING, RUSTIC SIDING, PHILADELPHIA 
FENCING, SHIPLAP, AND WIDE DRESSED AND MATCHED STOCK 



The various grades of White Pine Flooring, Ceiling, Partition, Drop Siding, 
Cove Siding, Novelty Siding, German Siding, Rustic Siding, Philadelphia 
Fencing, Shiplap, and Wide Dressed & Matched Stock are not here sepa- 
rately described for the reason that in the Tonawanda market they are sold 



only on special order, the order in each case designating the grade from 
which the desired pattern is to be made, but for guidance the following 
grades are recommended for the making,— in high, medium, or low quality, 
— of each of the various patterns as enumerated. 



WHITE PINE FLOORING 
WHITE PINE CEILING 
WHITE PINE PARTITION 

For High Quality: 

No. I White Pine Mouldings or Better. 
For Medium Quality: 

No. 2 White Pine Mouldings ; 

No. I White Pine Shelving & Dressing; 

or No. I White Pine Barn. 

For Low Quality: 
No. 2 White Pine Barn ; 
or No. 3 White Pine Barn. 



WHITE PINE DROP SIDING 
WHITE PINE COVE SIDING 
WHITE PINE NOVELTY SIDING 
WHITE PINE GERMAN SIDING 
WHITE PINE RUSTIC SIDING 
For High Quality: 

No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better. 
For Medium Quality: 

No. I White Pine Shelving & Dressing ; 
or No. I White Pine Barn. 

For Low Quality: 
No. 2 White Pine Barn ; 
or No. 3 White Pine Barn. 

WHITE PINE PHILADELPHIA FENCING 
For High Quality: 

No. 2 White Pine Mouldings or Better. 
For Medium Quality: 

No. I White Pine Shelving & Dressing ; 

or No. I White Pine Barn. 

For Low Quality: 
No. 2 White Pine Barn ; 
or No. 3 White Pine Barn. 



WHITE PINE SHIPLAP 

WHITE PINE WIDE DRESSED AND 

MATCHED 

For High Quality: 

No. 2 White Pine Barn or Better ; 

or No. 3 White Pine Barn. 

For Medium Quality: 
No. I White Pine Box; 
or No. 2 White Pine Box. 

For Low Quality: 

No. 2 White Pine Box. 



This page remains blank that the de- 
sired relationship betiveen right and 
left pages to follow may be maintained 



182 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to i foot 



No. 1 BARN-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



I Barn is the first or hig:hest standard grade of White 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No 

Pine Common Lumber, and may contain any reasonable number of 
small sound knots, usually red, largely round, but admitting of an oc- 
casional branch knot of small size, the size of the knot varying in 
accordance with the width of the piece, and practically free from shake 
and stain. Where thicker than one inch, slightly larger though sound 
knots are admissible than in one-inch boards. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, ij^, 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where frequent but small, firmly set, sound 
knots can be used and most exacting service rather than appear- 
ance is required. Is sometimes used for a small-knotted grade of 
exterior finish in houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Shelving & Dressing. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



183 




^\-'^- i-<«|Bfc^ J5i_ ~. 



;."■' -— T^ 



.«^.#6K;^-*->V^S#*«ty:j^ 



^ 



Jill 



ScALEr I Inch to l Foot 



No. 1 BARN 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Barn is the first or highest standard grade of White 
Pine Common Lumber, and may contain an}^ reasonable number of 
small sound knots, usually red, largely round, but admitting of an oc- 
casional branch knot of small size, the size of the knot varying in 
accordance with the width of the piece, and practically free from shake 
and stain. Where thicker than one inch, slightly larger though sound 
knots are admissible than in one-inch boards. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, ij4, i^, 2, 2>4, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where frequent but small, firmly set, sound 
knots can be used and most exacting service rather than appear- 
ance is required. Is sometimes used for a small-knotted grade of 
exterior finish in houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$4.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Shelving & Dressing. 



184 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 





SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2 BARN-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Barn is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of larger sized knots than No. i Barn, 
the knots being sound and practically all red, admitting of no knots 
that would impair the strength of the piece. Also practically free 
from shake or stain. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, ij4. iK' 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where somewhat coarse but sound-knotted 
lumber can be used, and service rather than appearance is desired. 
Makes a very high type of lining lumber, where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., and when so used is 
recommended for houses of the highest class. Further makes a 
highly serviceable grade of Barn Siding, also Tight Board Fence. 
Is sometimes used for the very coarsest of exterior finish in houses 
of the cheapest class. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Barn, according to the 
thickness required. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



185 



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W 


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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2 BARN 



THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Barn is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of larger sized knots than No. i Barn, 
the knots being sound and practically all red, admitting of no knots 
that would impair the strength of the piece. Also practically free 
from shake or stain. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i%, i^, 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where somewhat coarse but sound-knotted 
lumber can be used, and service rather than appearance is desired. 
Makes a very high type of lining lumber, where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after being worked 
to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of the highest class. Further makes a highly 
serviceable grade of Barn Siding, also Tight Board Fence. Is 
sometimes used for the very coarsest of exterior finish in houses of 
the cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $6.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Barn, according to the 
thickness required. 



186 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



i 




1 

• 


- y 


"^ 






^ 


1 






' — "—^.T — -o - — 




^ 





Scale: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3 BARN 



THICK AND INCH- 
ILLUSTRATING 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 3 Barn is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of coarse but sound knots, also free 
from any knots that will come out as the result of dressing, practically 
free from shake, admitting of stain where the board is otherwise No. 
2 Barn or Better for knot defect. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, 1^-2, 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 
12-INCH WIDTHS 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where extremely coarse though sound-knotted 
lumber can be used and service rather than appearance is desired. 
Is also a highly serviceable lining lumber where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., and when so used is 
recommended for houses of the better class. Makes a reasonably 
serviceable grade of Barn Siding, also a very cheap grade of Tight 
Board Fence. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet, according to the width and thickness, 
less than No. 2 Barn. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



187 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 3 BARN-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 3 Barn is the third standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of coarse but sound knots, also free 
from any knots that will come out as the result of dressing, practically 
free from shake, admitting of stain wliere the board is otherwise No. 2 
Barn or Better for knot defect. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness T, 1%, ij^, 2, 2}4, 3, or 4 inches. 

Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 13 inches and wider, 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for any use where extremely coarse though sound-knotted 
lumber can be used and service rather than appearance is desired. 
Is also a highly serviceable lining lumber where it is to be covered, 
as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after being worked 
to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock, and when so used is recom- 
mended for houses of the better class. Makes a reasonably service- 
able grade of Barn Siding, also a very cheap grade of Tight Board 
Fence. 
For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$5.00 to $7.00 per thousand feet, according to the width and thickness, 
less than No. 2 Barn. 



188 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 




SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No, 1 BOX-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Box is the fourth standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of coarse knots regardless of size and 
not necessarily sound, also a reasonable amount of shake or stain. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i%, ij^, 2, 2j^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 
13 inches and wider. 



Length 



6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber, or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., and 
when so used is recommended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 Barn. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



189 



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Scale: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 1 BOX-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 6, 8 and 10-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Box is the fourth standard grade of White Pine 
Common Lumber, and admits of coarse knots regardless of size and 
not necessarily sound, also a reasonable amount of shake or stain. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 134, iK. 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for coarse lining lumber or where it is to be covered with 
other material, as in sheathing, sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or after 
being worked to Shiplap or Dressed & Matched stock, and when so 
used is recommended only for houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$3.00 to $5.00 per thousand feet less than No. 3 Barn. 



190 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 





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SCALE: 1 Inch to 1 Foot 



No. 2 BOX-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE COMMON LUMBER 

ILLUSTRATING 12-INCH WIDTHS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Box is the fifth standard grade of White Pine Com- 
mon Lumber, and admits of firm red rot, large coarse or unsound 
knots, some medium sized knot holes, shake, stain, some soft rot and 
worm holes, or any of these defects in reasonable combination. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, i^, or 2 inches. 
Width . 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches, or 

13 inches and wider. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable only for the very cheapest lining lumber, as in sheathing, 
sub-floors, roof boards, etc., or where it is to be covered with other 
material, and when so used is recommended only for houses of the 
very cheapest class. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Box. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



191 



No. 1 WHITE PINE TIMBERS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. I White Pine Timbers is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Timbers and must be of a good sound character, admitting 
of knots or such defects as do not impair the strength of the piece. 
SHght wane on edge, also a few worm holes are admissible, and stained 
sap is not considered a defect. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 

Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 feet, or longer. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for highest quality of sills or other heavy construction in 
houses of the highest class and where the maximum of service is 
required. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 14U 



No. 2 WHITE PINE TIMBERS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 2 White Pine Timbers is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Timbers, and will admit of large coarse knots not necessarily sound, 
considerable wane, also shake, worm holes, red dozy streaks, crooked 
pieces, or other defects which weaken or impair the piece to such an 
extent as to render it unfit for No. I grade. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 
Width . 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inches. 
Length . 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 feet, or longer. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for reasonably serviceable sills or other heavy construction 
in houses of moderate cost. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$2.00 per thousand feet less than No. i Timbers. 



As strength is the dominating characteristic in Timbers, illustrations of above two 
grades are omitted, as they could be of little assistance in determining quality. 



192 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



WHITE PINE DIMENSION AND FRAMING LUMBER 



White Pine Dimension and Framing Lumber is not here described for the 
reason that under the Tonawanda Grading Rules all thick lumber is in- 
cluded under and is a part of the grades of "Thick and Inch — White Pine 
Common Lumber," and therefore when Dimension or Framing Lumber is 
desired, reference is made to the standard grades and stock sizes of "Thick 



and Inch — No. 1 White Pine Barn," "Thick and Inch— No. 2 White Pine 
Barn," "Thick and Inch— No. 3 White Pine Barn," "Thick and Inch— No. 1 
White Pine Box," or "Thick and Inch— No. 2 White Pine Box," in each 
case as they apply to sizes thicker than one inch. 



Photographic reproduction is here omitted covering the above five grades, but if desired, reference is made to half-tone 
reproductions on pages 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189 and 190, covering each grade in the order above given. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



193 



WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 



White Pine Factory Lumber is graded for and is valued by sash, door and 
blind factories and other like concerns for cutting-up qualities only, and 
should not be confounded, either in quality or value, with grades previously 
described. Being essentially for cutting-up purposes, it cannot be used in 
sizes as originally purchased in the regular course of building construction, 
and in cutting up, it of necessity means a considerable waste. 

All White Pine Factory Lumber shall be graded from the poor side, and 
in determining the percentages of door cutting, consideration must be given 



to the fact that each piece is to be ripped full length in such manner as will 
yield the highest grade and largest percentage of door cuttings before cross- 
cutting, except in such cases where it will yield a higher value by being first 
cross-cut for rails. In such instances as when stock is cross-cut for rails, 
where some of the stock so obtained is too poor for either No. 1 or No. 2 
rails, and which yet contains stiles or muntins, or top rails, which can be 
obtained by ripping this cross-cut stock, the door cuttings so obtained shall 
be figured in, when determining percentages. 



No. 1 CUTS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. i Cuts is the first or highest standard grade of White 
Pine Factory Cutting-up Lumber, is 6 inches and wider in width, and 
lo to i6 feet in length. This grade carries good-sized cuttings of clear 
lumber and must cut 66%% or more of clear lumber except bright sap 
in reasonable length sections. This grade is not intended for use 
in the full length of the piece but for cutting-up purposes by sash, 
door and blind factories or other shop use where sections of clear lum- 
ber are required. 



STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i%, 1^,2, 2^4, 3, or 4 inches. 
• Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for use by sash, door and blind and house trim factories, 
and for general cutting-up purposes where practically clear White 
Pine is required. Is also used for pattern purposes. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$12.00 per thousand feet less than Fine Common. 



Photographic reproduction of above factory grade is omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories, or other hke concerns. 



194 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



FACTORY LUMBER -(Continued) 
No. 2 CUTS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 2 Cuts is the second standard grade of White Pine 
Factory Cutting-up Lumber, and grades the same as No. i Cuts, ex- 
cept that the percentage required is from 50 to 6673% and in some- 
what shorter sizes. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, 1%, ij^, 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 6 inches and wider. 
Length . 10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for use by sash, door and blind and house trim factories, 
and for general cutting-up purposes where short sections of prac- 
tically clear lumber are required. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$20.00 per thousand feet in inch lumber and $12.00 per thousand feet 
in thicker than inch lumber, less than No. i Cuts. 



No. 3 CUTS-THICK AND INCH-WHITE PINE FACTORY LUMBER 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

White Pine No. 3 Cuts is the third or lowest standard grade of White 
Pine Factory Cutting-up Lumber, being the next grade below No. 2 
Cuts, and contains 35 to 50% of clear cutting in short sections. In this 
grade also a slight amount of stain is admissible. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i, i;4> i/^; 2, 2^, 3, or 4 inches. 
Width . Mixed widths, 4 inches and wider. 



Length 



10, 12, 14, or 16 feet. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for use by sash, door and blind and house trim factories 
and for general cutting-up purposes where very short sections of 
practically clear lumber can be used. 



APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

$6.00 per thousand feet in inch lumber and $15.00 per thousand feet in 
thicker than inch lumber, less than No. 2 Cuts. 



Photographic reproductions of above factory grades are omitted, factory cutting-up stock 
being without interest other than to sash, door and blind factories and other like concerns. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



195 



No. 1 WHITE PINE LATH 



Owing to the rapidity with which Lath are manufactured and necessarily 
handled in grading, the misplacement of an occasional piece is practically 
unavoidable. For this reason a variation of ten per cent, or less off grade 
is provided for in these rules. This provision is intended to cover acci- 
dentally misplaced pieces only, and every reasonable effort should be made 
to have the grades conform to the specifications without regard to this per- 
centage provided for misplaced pieces. 

DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

1. No. I White Pine Lath is the first or highest standard grade of 
White Pine Lath, and shall be butted to not less than thirty-one 
and three-fourths inches or forty-seven and three-fourths inches 
long; not more than one-eighth of an inch scant of one and one- 
half of an inch wide; and not more than one-sixteenth of an inch 
scant of three-eighths of an inch thick ; and of sound material. 

2. Will admit wane one-third the thickness, and one-third the width 
for one-third the length on one side of the piece or its equivalent 
otherwise located when not in combination with other serious de- 
fects. 

3. Any number of pin knots, three or foui; three-quarter inch knots 
well scattered, or more smaller knots, all well set, firm and sound, 



that do not weaken the piece, are admissible in a four-foot, and a 
proportionately less amount in a thirty-two inch No.' i White Pine 
Lath. 

4. Firm, fine shake, extending over one-half the surface of the piece 
that does not materially impair its strength, is admissible when not 
in serious combination with other defects. 

5. A few worm holes in an otherwise sound piece are admissible. 

6. Stain shall not be considered a defect, although mould that has 
caused the surface of the piece to decay or scale off, is a defect not 
admissible in this grade. 

7. Ten per cent, or less of No. 2 Lath shall be allowed in this grade. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for all classes of houses and particularly recommended as 
being superior to all other kinds of lath, avoiding expansion and 
contraction and consequent cracking of plaster, also avoiding stain 
coming through the plaster. 

For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



No. 1 MIXED LATH and No. 2 LATH (Not All White Pine) 



No. I Mixed Lath and No. 2 Lath are not here described for the reason RECOMMENDED USES 



that these two grades as manufactured under the Grading Rules of the 
White Pine Association of the Tonawandas are not all White Pine, and 
for this reason No. 2 All White Pine Lath would not be procurable if so 
specified. No. i Mixed Lath and No. 2 Lath are, however, very service- 
able where the lowest possible cost must be given first consideration in 



building 



Suitable for houses of medium or Iom^ cost and recommended as 
reasonably serviceable. 



For Classified Recommended Uses, Fully Detailed, Refer to Page 141. 



WHITE PINE MOULDINGS 



White Pine Mouldings, while not listed or described in the Grading 
Rules of the White Pine Association of the Tonawandas, are of a grade 



practically free from defect, and are procurable in all patterns and sizes, 
— and if not in stock, can be especially manufactured on order. 



196 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



No. 1 WHITE PINE DIMENSION SHINGLES 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. I White Pine Dimension Shingles is the first or highest standard 
grade of White Pine Dimension Shingles, made in dimension sizes 
only, in widths of 4, 5, or 6 inches, and in lengths of 14, 16, or 18 



inches, either square butted or worked to any pattern desired, and are 
so graded as to be free of all defects except white sap. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for all houses of the better class. 



No. 2 WHITE PINE DIMENSION SHINGLES 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 2 White Pine Dimension Shingles is the second standard grade of 
White Pine Dimension Shingles, made in dimension sizes only, in 
widths of 4, 5, or 6 inches, and in lengths of 14, 16, or 18 inches, either 
square butted or worked to any pattern desired, and are so graded as 
to have at least 6 inches of the butt, or thick end, clear of all defects 
except white sap. 



RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for houses of moderate or low cost. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 

50 cents per thousand less than No. i White Pine Dimension Shingles. 



Practically no White Pine Shingles in mixed widths are now handled in the Tonawanda 
market and therefore no attempt is here made to describe the grades applying thereto. 



WHITE PINE ASSOCIATION OF THE TONAWANDAS STANDARD WHITE PINE GRADING RULES 



197 



No. 1 WHITE PINE PICKETS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. I White Pine Pickets, Dressed & Headed, both Flat and Square, 
is the first or highest standard grade of White Pine Pickets, and shall 
show on face and two edges practically free from all defects except 
bright sap. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch— In Flat Pickets. 

iK or i^ inches— In Square Pickets. 



STOCK SIZES (Continued) 

Widdi . 2, 2^/^, 3, or 4 inches— In Flat Pickets, 
i;^ or iYz inches — In Square Pickets. 
Length . 3, 3J/, or 4 feet— In Flat Pickets. 

3, 3/4, or 4 feet— In Square Pickets. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for picket fences of high quality. 



No. 2 WHITE PINE PICKETS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 2 White Pine Pickets, Dressed & Headed, both Flat and Square, 
is the second standard grade of White Pine Pickets, and will admit of 
slight shake, some sap stain, or an occasional small knot. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch— In Flat Pickets. 

134 or 1/4 inches — In Square Pickets. 



STOCK SIZES (Continued) 

Width . 2, 2y2, 3, or 4 inches — In Flat Pickets. 
ij4 or iy2 inches — In Square Pickets. 
Length . 3, 3^^, or 4 feet — In Flat Pickets. 

3, 3J/^, or 4 feet — In Square Pickets. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for picket fences of medium quality. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$3.00 per thousand less than No. i White Pine Pickets. 



No. 3 WHITE PINE PICKETS 



DESCRIPTION OF GRADE 

No. 3 White Pine Pickets, Dressed & Headed, both Flat and Square, 
is the third or lowest standard grade of White Pine Pickets, and in- 
clude the rejects from No. i and No. 2 White Pine Pickets, admitting 
such defects as do not seriously impair their usefulness for purpose in- 
tended. 

STOCK SIZES 

Thickness i inch — In Flat Pickets. 

1% or lYi inches — In Square Pickets. 



STOCK SIZES (Continued) 

Width . 2, 23^, 3, or 4 inches— In Flat Pickets. 
1/4 or 134 inches — In Square Pickets. 



Length 



3, 33-4, or 4 feet— In Flat Pickets. 



3, 3^, or 4 feet — In Square Pickets. 

RECOMMENDED USES 

Suitable for picket fences of low quality. 

APPROXIMATE DIFFERENCE IN COST BETWEEN GRADES 
$10.00 per thousand less than No. 2 White Pine Pickets. 






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